Solvent Extraction Separation of Cerium and Yttrium from Other Rare Earth Fission Products

1961 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Butler ◽  
E. E. Ketchen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Extraction Separation

scholarly journals Solvent Extraction Separation of Scandium from Yttrium and Rare Earth Elements

1963 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267,A18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunenobu SHIGEMATSU ◽  
Masayuki TABUSHI ◽  
Masakazu MATSUI ◽  
Yasuharu NISHIKAWA ◽  
Shiro GODA
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Extraction Separation

scholarly journals Proliferation Resistance of Borosilicate Glass as a Host Form for Weapons-Grade Plutonium

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Cerefice ◽  
K. W. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Dissolution Process ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Weapons Grade Plutonium

ABSTRACTTo examine the proliferation resistance of borosilicate glass, a process to extract and recover a plutonium analog (thorium) from borosilicate glass was developed and examined. The glass matrix examined was a modified standard frit consisting of the ARM-1 frit (with simulated fission products) loaded with 2 wt. % thorium (as an analog for plutonium) and 2 wt. % each of three rare earth elements (Gd, Sm, Eu), which were added for criticality control and to possibly increase the proliferation resistance of the glass matrix. The plutonium analog was extracted from the crushed glass with a nitric acid dissolution process, and subsequently decontaminated using a solvent extraction process. The acid dissolution process was able to extract 88.4 ± 6.8 % of the plutonium surrogate from the glass host form. The bench top solvent extraction process was 30.2 ± 10.9 % efficient in recovering the plutonium analog as a purified product. Overall, this process was able to extract 26.7 ± 9.9 % of the plutonium analog from the glass as a purified product. To quantify the proliferation resistance of borosilicate glass as a host form for weapons-grade plutonium, MCNP was used to determine the compressed critical mass of a plutonium alloy with the same composition as the product of the extraction process. For the average product composition, the compressed critical mass was 4.7 kg of material. On average, one compressed critical mass could be recovered from 613 kg of borosilicate glass (2 wt. % Pu loading).

scholarly journals Separation of Rare-Earth Elements from Nitrate Solutions by Solvent Extraction Using Mixtures of Methyltri-n-octylammonium Nitrate and Tri-n-butyl Phosphate

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Sergei I. Stepanov ◽  
Nguyen Thi Yen Hoa ◽  
Ekaterina V. Boyarintseva ◽  
Alexander V. Boyarintsev ◽  
Galina V. Kostikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Extraction Section ◽  
Extraction Cascade ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The article presents data on the solvent extraction separation of rare-earth elements (REEs), such as La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III), using synergic mixtures of methyltrioctylammonium nitrate (TOMANO3) with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) from weakly acidic nitrate solutions. Specifically, experimental results on separation of REEs, for the pair Ce(III)/Pr(III) for quaternary mixtures of REEs (La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III)) and for the pair La(III)/Pr(III) for solutions containing La(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III), are presented. It was shown that effective separation for the pair Ce(III)/Pr(III) from a solution containing 219 g Ce(III)/L, 106 g La(III)/L, 20 g Pr(III)/L, 55 g Nd(III)/L, and 0.1 mol/L HNO3, was achieved using 56 steps of a multistage, counter-current solvent extraction cascade with scrubbing, at an organic-to-aqueous phase volume ratio (O/A) equal to 2/1 on the extraction section and O/A equal to 4/1 on the scrubbing section, using 3.3 mol/L solutions of the mixture TOMANO3-TBP with molar ratio 0.15:0.85 in dodecane. Separation for the pair La(III)/Pr(III) could be achieved using a solvent extraction cascade with scrubbing in 32 steps at O/A equal to 2/1 on the extraction section and O/A equal to 2.8/1 on the scrubbing section of the solvent extraction cascade from a solution containing 258 g La(III)/L, 58 g Pr(III)/L, 141 g Nd(III)/L, and 0.1 mol/L HNO3 with 3.0 mol/L solution of the mixture TOMANO3-TBP with molar ratio 0.2:0.8 in dodecane.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Impurity Aluminum on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (Nd, Pr, La) by P204-P350 in Chloride Solution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Xian Xie ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Yunpeng Du ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Impurity Ion

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+ competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+ stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+ in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+ and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).

scholarly journals Two-Step Solvent Extraction of Radioactive Elements and Rare Earths from Estonian Phosphorite Ore Using Nitrated Aliquat 336 and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Silvester Jürjo ◽  
Liis Siinor ◽  
Carolin Siimenson ◽  
Päärn Paiste ◽  
Enn Lust
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Ph Values

Estonian phosphorite ore contains trace amounts of rare earth elements (REEs), many other d-metals, and some radioactive elements. Rare earth elements, Mo, V, etc. might be economically exploitable, while some radioactive and toxic elements should be removed before any other downstream processing for environmental and nutritional safety reasons. All untreated hazardous elements remain in landfilled waste in much higher concentration than they occur naturally. To resolve this problem U, Th, and Tl were removed from phosphorite ore at first using liquid extraction. In the next step, REE were isolated from raffinate. Nitrated Aliquat 336 (A336[NO3]) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate (D2EHPA) were used in liquid extraction for comparison. An improved method for exclusive separation of radioactive elements and REEs from phosphorite ore in 2-steps has been developed, exploiting liquid extraction at different pH values.

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