Structure and Properties of Carbon Black - Changes Induced by Heat Treatment

1953 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1721-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Schaeffer ◽  
W. R. Smith ◽  
M. H. Polley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Structure And Properties

Structure and Properties of Loaded Rubber Mixtures. X. Alteration of Carbon Black Structures by Heat Treatment

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Dogadkin ◽  
K. Pechkovskaya ◽  
Ts Mil'man
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electric Resistivity ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Prolonged Heating ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bonds ◽  
Carbon Bonds

Abstract 1. Raising the temperature of vulcanizates containing carbon black causes changes in the carbon structures, which can be estimated by the value of specific electric resistivity ρ and the index n in the equation: I=cVn, relating the strength of the current I with the voltage V. 2. These changes are nearly independent of the type of rubber and are governed chiefly by the type of carbon black. 3. The change of electric resistivity of vulcanizates with temperature follows an exponential law, and can be expressed by the equation : ρt=ρ0 eαt. 4. The sign of the coefficient α is negative for vulcanizates containing channel carbon black, and positive for those containing nozzle black or lamp black. 5. Heating of vulcanizates (up to 100°) for 30 minutes causes destruction of the nozzle black and lamp black particles, but causes little apparent destruction of channel black structures. 6. Prolonged heating (10 hours or more) at temperatures above 60° C causes destruction of the particles of all the carbon blacks studied. This detruction is more extensive in the case of nozzle and lamp blacks than in the case of channel black. 7. During heat treatment of mixtures containing channel black, it is chiefly the carbon-rubber bonds that are destroyed (the index n decreases); whereas in mixtures containing nozzle, furnace and lamp blacks, it is chiefly the carbon-carbon bonds that are destroyed (the index n increases). 8. The higher the temperature during deformation and relaxation, the greater is the degree of restoration of the carbon structures which are destroyed during deformation. 9. The degree of restoration of the carbon structures under identical conditions of deformation and relaxation of vulcanizates containing nozzle black is greater than that of corresponding vulcanizates containing channel black.

Changes in the structure and properties produced in polyester yarn by the heat treatment in the texturing process

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Sebina ◽  
V. A. Usenko ◽  
B. A. Nefedov ◽  
V. K. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Polyester Yarn

The effect of heat-treatment temperature on structure and properties of TiB2/C composites

Carbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjun Zhou ◽  
William S. Kinman ◽  
Paul J. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Structure And Properties

The structure and properties of sheets from the new alloy V-1381 of the Al – Mg – Si system

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
A. A. Selivanov ◽  
◽  
K. V. Antipov ◽  
Yu. S. Oglodkova ◽  
A. S. Rudchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Strengthening Phase ◽  
Critical Rate ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
6Xxx Series

The results of the development of a new alloy of the Al – Mg – Si system of the 6xxx series, which received the V-1381 grade, are presented. The influence of the composition and modes of heat treatment on the mechanical and corrosion properties of sheets with a thickness of 1,0 and 3,0 mm, manufactured under the conditions of FSUE “VIAM”, was investigated. Average level of sheet properties: UTS = 410 MPa, YTS = 360 MPa, El = 11.5 %; fatigue crack growth (dl/dN) = 0,59 mm/kcycle at ΔK = 18,6 MPa·m1/2, intergranular corrosion ≤ 0,15 mm, exfoliation corrosion 4 points. It was found that the structure of the sheets is recrystallized, the main strengthening phase is the coherent matrix β’(Mg2Si)-phase evenly distributed in the volume of grains with a high density. There is also a heterogeneous origin of β′-phase on dislocations and dispersoids. At grain boundaries there are zones free from emissions with a width of 15 – 20 nm. Dispersoids of various morphologies are observed in the tested samples. Temperature and heat values of phase transformations in ingots and sheets are determined and established liquidus and solidus points. The sheet weldability was evaluated by automatic argon-arc welding and the critical rate of deformation of the weld metal during crystallization was determined, at which no cracks were formed in it. Laser welding mode has been developed to ensure optimal formation of geometric parameters of the weld.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF INGREDIENTS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF RUBBER MIXTURES AND RUBBERS ON BASIS ОF 1,4-CIS-POLYISOPRENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Makarov ◽  
Elena L. Nikitina ◽  
Olga Yu. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatment ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The effect of the mechanochemical treatment of components of the sulphurous vulcanizing group on the properties of rubber mixtures and rubbers on the basis of 1,4-cis-polyisopren, filled with carbon black N330, was investigated. The mechanochemical activation of the components was carried out by processing them in a device that is a reactor with magnetic elements and a coil of inductivity. When connecting the inductor to the electrical grid, the working elements are exposed to the magnetic field and began to move intensiocly way with the transfer of energy to powdered particles. The treatment of both individual components: zinc oxide, accelerators, and all components of the sulfur vulcanizing group leads to an increase in the rate and degree of structuring of rubber in the main vulcanization period and a decrease in the tendency of rubber to reverse in the postvulcanization stage. In this case the values of elasticity modules increase and mechanical losses in vulcanizates reduce as the temperature increases. Most of these changes in the properties of mixtures and rubbers are expressed in the processing of individual accelerators and together all components of the vulcanizing group. Storage of activated ingredients for 30 days does not lead to significant changes in the structure and properties of rubber mixtures and vulcanizates.

Preparation of mesocarbon microbeads from a synthetic Isotropic pitch through two stage heat treatment in the presence of carbon black

Carbon ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-G. Wang ◽  
Y.-C. Chang ◽  
S. Ishida ◽  
Y. Korai ◽  
I. Mochida
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Mesocarbon Microbeads ◽  
Isotropic Pitch ◽  
Stage Heat Treatment
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