Manufacture of Basic Refractory Brick

1948 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1762-1772
Author(s):  
R. L. Demmerle ◽  
R. E. Birch ◽  
D. B. Hendryx
Keyword(s):  
Basic Refractory ◽  
Refractory Brick

scholarly journals Reactions and emissivity of cerium oxide with phosphate binder coating on basic refractory brick

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindaporn Juthapakdeeprasert ◽  
Oriol Gavalda Diaz ◽  
Wirat Lerdprom ◽  
Domingos De Sousa Meneses ◽  
Doni D. Jayaseelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Phosphate Binder ◽  
Basic Refractory ◽  
Refractory Brick

Nanoscale Analysis on Spark Plasma Sintered Fly-Ash Bricks and their Comparative Study with SiN-Zr Refractory Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
D.K. Sahoo ◽  
M.S.V.R. Kishor ◽  
D.P. Sahoo ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
A. Behera
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Refractory Brick ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Refractory Bricks ◽  
Sintered Product

Background: Industries such as thermal power plants use coal as a source of energy and release the combustion products into the environment. The generation of these wastes is inevitable and thus needed to be reused. In India, coals with high ash content usually between 25 to 45% are used. The refractory bricks that were used earlier in steel industries were mainly based on silica, magnesia, chrome, graphite. In modern days, several other materials were introduced for the manufacturing of refractory bricks such as mullite, chrome-magnesite, zircon, fused cast, and corundum. The materials selection for refractory brick manufacturing depends on various factors such as the type of furnace and working conditions. Objectives: The current work aims to focus on the fly-ash subjected to spark plasma sintering process with a maximum temperature of 1500 °C and pressure 60 MPa for 15 minutes and to characterize to observe the properties with respect to their microstructure. Methods: Fly-ash collected from Rourkela Steel Plant was sintered using spark plasma sintering machine at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The powder placed in a die was subjected to a heating rate of 600-630 K/min, up to a maximum temperature of 1500˚C. The process took 15 minutes to complete. During the process, the pressure applied was ranging between 50 to 60 Mpa. 5-10 Volts DC supply was given to the machine with a pulse frequency of 30-40 KHz. The sintered product was then hammered out of the die and the small pieces of the sintered product were polished for better characterization. The bricks collected from Hindalco Industries were also hammered into pieces and polished for characterization and comparison. Results: The particles of fly-ash as observed in SEM analysis were spherical in shape with few irregularly shaped particles. The sintered fly-ash sample revealed grey and white coloured patches distributed around a black background. These were identified to be the intermetallic compounds that were formed due to the dissociation of compounds present in fly-ash. High- temperature microscopy analysis of the sintered sample revealed the initial deformation temperature (IDT) of the fly-ash brick and the refractory brick which were found to be 1298 °C and 1543 °C, respectively. The maximum hardness value observed for the sintered fly-ash sample was 450 Hv (4.413 GPa) which is due to the formation of nano-grains as given in the microstructure. The reason behind such poor hardness value might be the absence of any binder. For the refractory brick, the maximum hardness observed was 3400 Hv (33.34 GPa). Wear depth for the sintered fly-ash was found to be 451 μm whereas for the refractory brick sample it was 18 μm. Conclusion: The fly-ash powder subjected to spark plasma sintering resulted in the breaking up of cenospheres present in the fly ash due to the formation of intermetallic compounds, such as Cristobalite, syn (SiO2), Aluminium Titanium (Al2Ti), Magnesium Silicon (Mg2Si), Maghemite (Fe2O3), Chromium Titanium (Cr2Ti) and Magnesium Titanium (Mg2Ti), which were responsible for the hardness achieved in the sample. A large difference in the maximum hardness values of sintered fly-ash and refractory brick was observed due to the hard nitride phases present in the refractory brick.

Silicate Binder from Wastes of Silica Refractory Brick and Building Products on Its Basis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1012
Author(s):  
L. K. Berdnikova ◽  
V. A. Poluboyarov ◽  
Z. A. Korotaeva ◽  
F. K. Gorbunov ◽  
V. V. Bulgakov
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Brick ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Silicate Binder ◽  
Silica Refractory

Hercynite and magnesium aluminate spinels acting as a ceramic bonding in an electrofused MgO–CaZrO3 refractory brick for the cement industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 6769-6775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edén Rodríguez ◽  
G-Alan Castillo ◽  
José Contreras ◽  
R. Puente-Ornelas ◽  
J.A. Aguilar-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Industry ◽  
Magnesium Aluminate ◽  
Refractory Brick

Preparation of Porous Ceramic Materials for Backscatter Electron Imaging: Some observations on MgO Refractory Brick

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (S02) ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
James H Steele
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Backscatter Electron ◽  
Refractory Brick ◽  
Backscatter Electron Imaging ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.

Characterization of clays from the Foumban region (west Cameroon) and evaluation for refractory brick manufacture

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
A. Pountouenchi ◽  
D. Njoya ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
D. Rabibisao ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Refractory Brick ◽  
Major Element Chemistry ◽  
End Products ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Steel Mould

ABSTRACTThree clayey materials named MY3, KK and KG originating from the Foumban region (west Cameroon) were analysed to determine their granulometry, plasticity, major-element chemistry and mineralogy. Dilatometric and ceramic behaviour were also investigated. Clays were shaped by uniaxial pressing in a steel mould. Shaped samples were heated at 1300, 1400 and 1500°C. The end products were characterized in terms of their density, porosity and compressive strength. Raw materials differ in terms of their mineralogical composition, grain-size distribution, Al2O3 content and the nature and abundance of impurities inducing specific thermal behaviour during dilatometric analysis and sintering tests. The final material properties may be related to the main features of the raw materials used.

Status of Basic Refractory Technology

JOM ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
George R. Eusner
Keyword(s):  
Basic Refractory ◽  
Refractory Technology
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