Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Somerville ◽  
W. F. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber

Effect of Temperature on Tensile Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
A. A. Somerville ◽  
W. F. Russell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Test ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The tensile properties and tear resistance of a large number of commercial inner tubes, before and after aging by different methods, are studied at 0°, 25°, and 100° C. A number of uncured bus-truck tube stocks are also studied from the point of view of their capacity to withstand high temperatures. The effect of testing rubber at 100° C. as compared with room temperature is discussed; how some compounds collapse at 100° C., while others have tensile properties equal to, or better than those at 25°, is shown. The effect of testing artificially aged specimens at 100° C., as well as at 25° C., is discussed; the high-temperature test may reveal conditions of deterioration and overcure that are not noticeable in the 25° tests. The compounding and curing conditions that lead to high tensile properties at 100° C., as well as those which cause inferior quality, are discussed.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL FINDING OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS AND THEORETICAL MODELING OF CRACK PROPAGATION PROCESSES IN CARBON FIBER SAMPLES UNDER CONDITIONS OF ADDITIVE PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 325-336
Author(s):  
V. N. DOBRYANSKIY ◽  
L. N. RABINSKIY ◽  
O. V. TUSHAVINA
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Cohesive Elements ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

The relevance of the problem stated in this article is that the development of aerospace technology increased the demand for good quality materials. An important issue is ensuring durability in conditions of longterm loads and in conditions of damage development. One of the criteria that ensure the toughness of the material is crack resistance. The aim of the work is to study the interlayer crack resistance (fracture toughness) under loading under conditions of separation and transverse shear, interlayer strength, as well as the effect of temperature on interlayer strength, mechanical tensile properties. A comparison of the values of interlayer crack resistance GIС (separation) and GIIС (shear) and of mechanical tensile properties and interlayer strength of carbon fiber samples is made. The main methods for studying this problem were the short-beam method, the DCB method, the ENF method. The results of the experimental data were compared with modeling the processes of the appearance and development of cracks in the finite element complexes ABAQUS and Ansys based on the VVCT models, cohesive elements. Deviations from the experiment were found and conclusions were drawn that the point of application of the load had to be shifted from the edge of the sample, which will reduce the initial separation and increase the stiffness of the sample. Due to the fact that the cohesion zone model is very sensitive to input parameters, it is necessary to know many parameters and take into account a large number of factors. The practical importance of this work is to show how to use the VCCT model to obtain the critical load of the germination of the first crack. The research technique can be used for further experiments, including simulation further stratification with low inaccuracy.

Effect of temperature on tensile properties of HDPE pipe material

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Merah ◽  
F. Saghir ◽  
Z. Khan ◽  
A. Bazoune
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Hdpe Pipe

scholarly journals Study on Tensile Properties of CFRP Plates under Elevated Temperature Exposure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Yang ◽  
Yanju Jiang ◽  
Hongjun Liang ◽  
Xiaosan Yin ◽  
Yue Huang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Elevated temperature exposure has a negative effect on the performance of the matrix resin in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) plates, whereas limited quantitative research focuses on the deteriorations. Therefore, 30 CFRP specimens were designed and tested under elevated temperatures (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 °C) to explore the degradations in tensile properties. The effect of temperature on the failure mode, stress-strain curve, tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of CFRP plates were investigated. The results showed that elevated temperature exposure significantly changed the failure characteristics. When the exposed temperature increased from 10 °C to 90 °C, the failure mode changed from the global factures in the whole CFRP plate to the successive fractures in carbon fibers. Moreover, with temperatures increasing, tensile strength and elongation of CFRP plates decreases gradually while the elastic modulus shows negligible change. Finally, the results of One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) show that the degradation of the tensile strength of CFRP plates was due to the impact of elevated temperature exposure, rather than the test error.

Experimental Study on Post Fire Tensile Properties of Reinforcing Rebars Connected by Grout-Filled Splice Sleeves

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Liu ◽  
Qing Hong Zeng ◽  
Hong Ru Liu ◽  
Shuo Xun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Structural Behaviors ◽  
Steel Rebars

This paper presents some experimental results of tensile properties of reinforcing bars spliced by grout-filled coupling sleeves after exposed to fires to identify the effect of temperature histories on tensile properties of spliced reinforcing bars, which provide a useful base for assessing structural behaviors of precast reinforced concrete buildings damaged by fires. A spliced rebar system investigated in this paper consists of two equal-diameter steel reinforcing bars with 25mm diameter and a straight coupling sleeve with 55mm outer and 42mm inner diameters. As a result, the thickness of grout between internal steel bars and outer sleeves are 8.5mm. Five test specimens are manufactured in identical technology and divided into three groups. First group is reference group consist of just one specimen which is not exposed to fire. Second and third groups consist of two specimens that are exposed to ISO 834 standard fire in furnace for 15 and 25 minutes respectively. The temperature-time curves of grout between rebars and sleeves are measured via thermocouples embedded in grout. Subsequently, a universal testing machine is used to test the ultimate load bearing capacities of five specimens. Test results demonstrate that ultimate load bearing capacities of steel rebars spliced by grout-filled sleeves are considerably reduced due to fire damaged grout.

scholarly journals Investigating and Optimizing the Process Variables Related to the Tensile Properties of Short Jute Fiber Reinforced with Polypropylene Composite Board

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Kannappan ◽  
Bhaarathi Dhurai
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Pressure

The effect of temperature, pressure, and time on the tensile strength of jute fiber composite has been studied. The process of preparing the composite specimens is discussed. The best tensile properties were observed if the composite board is manufactured using high pressure and moderate temperature. For tensile strength, the time does not play a significant role. The study identifies the principal experimental pressure variables, which have the greatest effect on the tensile strength of the composite. The composite boards were subjected to tensile tests and the fractured surfaces were observed under SEM. The SEM photomicrographs of the fractured surfaces of the composite board show diverse extents of fiber pull-outs under tensile failure. The tensile strength values are in good concurrence with predicted values and were found have a correlation coefficient of 96%.

Soft Vulcanized Rubber. Effect of Temperature and Oxygen Pressure on Aging Rate

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-345
Author(s):  
J. H. Ingmanson ◽  
A. R. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Effect

Abstract IMPORTANT to the manufacturer and consumer of rubber goods are suitable accelerated aging tests for predicting readily the life of rubber articles under the variable storage and service conditions encountered. Since service conditions may involve the exposure of rubber to wide variations of temperature, light, and atmosphere under various types of mechanical strain, there is obviously need for a variety of tests, each designed to emphasize factors which are most important in any given set of service conditions. Since the primary cause of failure of soft vulcanized rubber in service is oxidation, emphasis has been placed on tests which accelerate the oxidation effect. The most widely adopted and generally satisfactory procedure of this type is the Bierer and Davis oxygen bomb method which involves heating the rubber under oxygen pressure. In Bierer and Davis' original publication (2), results were shown on the effect of increasing oxygen pressure in increments of 28.1 kg. up to 112.5 kg. per cm. on the aging of two different rubber compounds at the three temperatures, 50°, 60°, and 70° C. Their results showed that in some cases there was a uniform increase in aging rate with increased pressure and in other cases the rate increased rapidly up to a pressure of 28.7 kg. per sq. cm. but more slowly with further increases in pressure. In a later investigation (3) the same authors employed a pressure of 21.1 kg. per sq. cm. and 60° C. throughout. For the past ten years most laboratories have used an oxygen pressure of 21.1 kg. per sq. cm. and a temperature of 70° C., which may therefore be considered as standard.

The Oxidation Products of Rubber

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
A. van Rossem ◽  
P. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract In their summary of the aging of vulcanized rubber, Porritt and Scott state that three factors are responsible for the changes in mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber during aging, viz.: (a) oxidation of the rubber; (b) after-vulcanization; (c) some colloidal change of the rubber, sometimes termed aggregation. Of these factors, oxidation is by far the most important because it is responsible for the decrease in mechanical properties, which leads to the general deterioration of rubber from a technical standpoint. It was Marzetti who proved that the decrease of mechanical properties in accelerated aging is due to oxidation. Later, Kohman confirmed this in a more concise way and showed that even such small amounts as 0.5% of oxygen absorbed by vulcanized rubber are sufficient to decrease tensile properties to 50% of their original value. When studying aging, three ways of tackling this problem are possible, viz.: (1) Investigations of the mechanical properties, either under normal conditions, or under special conditions such as elevated temperature or high speed. (2) Determination of oxidation products, which are formed during oxidation of the rubber. (3) Direct determination of the amount of oxygen which is absorbed by the rubber. It is clear that any of these methods may be combined with accelerated aging tests.

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