Probing the Role of Promoters in Zinc Reduction of Nitrobenzene:  Continuous Production of Hydroxylaminobenzene

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (21) ◽  
pp. 6840-6846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixiong Li ◽  
Theodore V. Marolla ◽  
Lloyd J. Nadeau ◽  
Jim C. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Production ◽  
Zinc Reduction

Lipid droplets are dysregulated in the adult dentate gyrus during seizure

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S88-S88
Author(s):  
A Ahamad ◽  
S Ge
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Time Points

Abstract Introduction/Objective Dentate gyrus (DG), a neurogenic niche, is a metabolically dense subregion of the hippocampus. Continuous production and integration of new neurons in the existing circuit and harmonious relationship between excitatory and inhibitory neurons accompanied by neuron-glia coupling is essential to maintain hippocampal homeostasis throughout adulthood. Imbalance in the neuronal activity generates seizures and can result in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). MTLE affects 50 million people across the globe and impairs the overall hippocampal network and its associated functions such as memory and cognition. Although altered lipid metabolism has been associated with status epilepticus, the role of lipid droplets (LDs), the minuscule metabolically active organelle known to provide a substrate for cellular energy, has not been explored in DG during seizure. LDs are composed of neutral lipids and surrounded by phospholipid monolayer, which is studded with a structural Perilipin family of proteins 1-5, reported to be involved in lipid metabolism. Methods/Case Report To study LDs in the brain, we used a novel approach by injecting Bodipy, a lipid dye in the tail vein of mice, and successfully labeled LDs in the DG. We used the pilocarpine-induced seizure model. After Bodipy injection followed by seizure induction, mice were sacrificed at four time-points 0.5, 1-, 3- and 18 hours. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) We found a significant increase in Bodipy signal and Perilipin 4, LDs specific marker expression at four time-points post-seizure than in the control cohort. To elucidate the role of neuron-glia metabolic coupling in DG, we measured LDs in microglia and astrocytes and found a significant increase in LDs in seizure mice than control groups suggesting the role of glia in lipid regulation in DG. Conclusion Overall, this novel study will highlight the undiscovered role of LDs in dentate gyrus during seizure and, in the future, can be used as a therapeutic target to alleviate the MTLE phenotype.

scholarly journals The Role of RBC Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: From the Molecular Basis to Pathologic Implications

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Qinhong Wang ◽  
Rahima Zennadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disorder and the most common severe hemoglobinopathy in the world. SCD is characterized by a point mutation in the β-globin gene, which results in hemoglobin (Hb) S production, leading to a variety of mechanistic and phenotypic changes within the sickle red blood cell (RBC). In SCD, the sickle RBCs are the root cause of the disease and they are a primary source of oxidative stress since sickle RBC redox state is compromised due to an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. This imbalance in redox state is a result of a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the sickle RBC caused by the constant endogenous Hb autoxidation and NADPH oxidase activation, as well as by a deficiency in the antioxidant defense system. Accumulation of non-neutralized ROS within the sickle RBCs affects RBC membrane structure and function, leading to membrane integrity deficiency, low deformability, phosphatidylserine exposure, and release of micro-vesicles. These oxidative stress-associated RBC phenotypic modifications consequently evoke a myriad of physiological changes involved in multi-system manifestations. Thus, RBC oxidative stress in SCD can ultimately instigate major processes involved in organ damage. The critical role of the sickle RBC ROS production and its regulation in SCD pathophysiology are discussed here.

scholarly journals CDK9: A Comprehensive Review of Its Biology, and Its Role as a Potential Target for Anti-Cancer Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Tesfaye Anshabo ◽  
Robert Milne ◽  
Shudong Wang ◽  
Hugo Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are proteins pivotal to a wide range of cellular functions, most importantly cell division and transcription, and their dysregulations have been implicated as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis. Besides the well-established role of cell cycle CDKs in cancer, the involvement of transcriptional CDKs has been confirmed more recently. Most cancers overtly employ CDKs that serve as key regulators of transcription (e.g., CDK9) for a continuous production of short-lived gene products that maintain their survival. As such, dysregulation of the CDK9 pathway has been observed in various hematological and solid malignancies, making it a valuable anticancer target. This therapeutic potential has been utilized for the discovery of CDK9 inhibitors, some of which have entered human clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the structure and biology of CDK9, its role in solid and hematological cancers, and an updated review of the available inhibitors currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical settings.

Data literacies for the postdemographic social media self

First Monday ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony McCosker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Media Practices

In a postdemographic world, characterized by the continuous production and calculation of social data in the form of likes, comments, shares, keywords, locations or hashtags, social media platforms are designed with techniques of market segmentation in mind. “Datafication” challenges the agency of participatory social media practices and traditional accounts of the presentation of self in the use of social media. In the process, a tension or paradox arises between the personal, curative or performative character of social media practices and the calculative design and commercial usefulness of platforms and apps. In this paper I interrogate this paradox, and explore the potential role of metrics and analytics for emergent data literacies. By drawing together common self-oriented metrics across dominant platforms, the paper emphasizes analytics targets around a) profile, b) activity, c) interactivity and d) visibility, as a step toward developing new data literacies.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-based local translation reveals mRNA as translation-coupled scaffold with anchoring function

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunnichi Kashida ◽  
Dan Ohtan Wang ◽  
Hirohide Saito ◽  
Zoher Gueroui
Keyword(s):  
Protein Localization ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Local Translation ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cell Extracts

AbstractSpatial regulations of mRNA translation are central to cellular functions and relies on numerous complex processes. Biomimetic approaches could bypass the endogenous complex processes, improve our comprehension, and allow for controlling local translation regulations and functions. However, the causality between localizing translation and nascent protein function remains elusive. Here, we develop a novel nanoparticle-based strategy to magnetically control mRNA spatial patterns in mammalian cell extracts and investigate how local translation impacts nascent protein localization and function. By monitoring translation on magnetically localized mRNAs, we show that mRNA-nanoparticle operates as a source for the continuous production of proteins from defined positions. By applying magnetic localization of mRNAs coding for Actin Binding Proteins, we trigger the local formation of actin cytoskeleton and identify minimal requirements for spatial control of actin filament network. In addition, our bottom-up approach identifies a novel role of mRNA as translation-coupled scaffold for nascent N-terminal protein domain functions. Our approach will serve as a novel platform for regulating mRNA localization and investigating a functional role of nascent protein domains during translation.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin C in the Energy Supply of Cells Hypothetical Structure for Energy Transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
János Hunyady
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Flow Device ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Hypothetical Structure

The present paper represents a hypothetical structure, the structure for energy transformation (SET), which might be responsible for the proper energy transformation steps leading to the continuous production of H+ and ATP in living cells. We predict that the electron flow is realized through the electron flow device (EFD). We suppose that there are several versions of the SET. Two of them are described below [Structure of Aerobic Glycolysis (SET-AG) and Structure of Oxidative Phosphorylation (SET-OP). The hypothesis is based on the atom properties of the protonated adenine molecule and the docking computations of molecular mechanics involved, suggesting that two ascorbate molecules may occupy the empty NADPH pocket, preferably binding to the adenine binding site. We hypothesize that the adenine originates from uric acid (UA), resulting in an ATP-UA-ADP-ATP-UA cycle. It would also mean that UA is one of the oxygen sources in aerobic glycolysis. We also suppose that the EFD contains the well-known molecules of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) supplemented with two additional UA-originated adenine molecules, two L-ascorbic acids, and two D-glucose molecules. Based on all this, we surmise that a tetra adenine octo phosphate ring (TAR) exists, in which the UA originated adenine molecules form a ring. The molecules are linked to each other through the N7-C2 and C8-N1 atoms of the adenine molecules by H2PO4e- molecules. The four N10 atoms of the adenine molecules bind one flavin, one nicotinamide, and two L-ascorbic acid molecules. Six D-glucose molecules complete one Unit of the structure. Both Fe-S and cytochrome clusters, as well as dehydrogenases, ensure the continuous operation of the Unit. The synchronized function of the three-stoke, three twin-cylinder engine results in continuous energy, ATP, and H+ production. Eukaryotic cells are equipped with the SET-AG and the SET-OP; thus, they can live in an anoxic and oxygenized environment. It is hoped that the SET concept developed here will help the better understanding the way of cancer treatment’s action regarding glucose deprivation or Vitamin C.

virilizer regulates Sex-lethal in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SchuLtt ◽  
A. Hilfiker ◽  
R. Nothiger
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Sex Lethal ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development

In Drosophila, the gene Sex-lethal (Sxl) is required for female development. It controls sexual differentiation in the soma, dosage compensation and oogenesis. The continuous production of SXL proteins in XX animals is maintained by autoregulation and depends on virilizer (vir). This gene is required in somatic cells for the female-specific splicing of Sxl primary transcripts and for an unknown vital process in both sexes. In the soma, clones of XX cells lacking Sxl or vir are sexually transformed and form male structures; in the germline, XX cells mutant for Sxl extensively proliferate, but are unable to differentiate. We now studied the role of vir in the germline by generating germline chimeras. We found that XX germ cells mutant for vir, in contrast to cells mutant for Sxl, perform oogenesis. We show that the early production of SXL in undifferentiated germ cells is independent of vir while, later in oogenesis, expression of Sxl becomes dependent on vir. We conclude that the early SXL proteins are sufficient for the production of eggs whereas the later SXL proteins are dispensable for this process. However, vir must be active in the female germline to allow normal embryonic development because maternal products of vir are required for the early post-transcriptional regulation of Sxl in XX embryos and for a vital process in embryos of both sexes.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document