Selective Rejection of Inorganic Fine Solids, Heavy Metals, and Sulfur from Heavy Oils/Bitumen Using Alkane Solvents

Xiang-Yang Zou; Leisl Dukhedin-Lalla; Xiaohui Zhang; John M. Shaw

doi:10.1021/ie0499153

Selective Rejection of Inorganic Fine Solids, Heavy Metals, and Sulfur from Heavy Oils/Bitumen Using Alkane Solvents

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/ie0499153 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (22) ◽

pp. 7103-7112 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiang-Yang Zou ◽

Leisl Dukhedin-Lalla ◽

Xiaohui Zhang ◽

John M. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Oils ◽

Alkane Solvents

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Technological Typomorphic Associations in Caustobiolites and Methods of Their Extraction

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11010121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Artyom Romashev ◽

Dongsheng He ◽

Tatiana Aleksandrova ◽

Nadezhda Nikolaeva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Oil ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Ultrasonic Field ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Heavy Oils ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Hydrocarbon Solvents ◽

Chemical Extractants ◽

Yield Of Light Fractions

Heavy oil is considered as a multipurpose complex mineral, and the processing of heavy oils as a “complex problem”, aimed both at increasing the yield of light fractions and “transport” ability of oil, and at extracting metals from heavy asphaltene resinous fraction. The recovery of heavy metals (such as vanadium, nickel, titanium, iron, etc.) from heavy oil was performed by cavitation extraction technology with the use of light hydrocarbon solvents and chemical extractants, including a stage of extraction in an ultrasonic field with separation of insoluble fraction of asphaltenes in which a significant part of initial heavy metals and sulfur is concentrated, followed by re-extraction of metals and magnetic separation of metal aggregates.

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Microscopic versus process parameters in heavy-oil upgrading

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012223x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 366-367

Author(s):

V.A. Munoz ◽

R.J. Mikula ◽

C. Payette ◽

W.W. Lam

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Heavy Oils ◽

Synthetic Fuels ◽

High Hydrogen ◽

Optical Texture ◽

Polar Groups ◽

Anisotropic Character ◽

Planar Molecules

The transformation of high molecular weight components present in heavy oils into useable liquid fuels requires their decomposition by means of a variety of processes. The low molecular weight species produced recombine under controlled conditions to generate synthetic fuels. However, an important fraction undergo further recombination into higher molecular weight components, leading to the formation of coke. The optical texture of the coke can be related to its originating components. Those with high sulfur and oxygen content tend to produce cokes with small optical texture or fine mosaic, whereas compounds with relatively high hydrogen content are likely to produce large optical texture or domains. In addition, the structure of the parent chemical components, planar or nonplanar, determines the isotropic or anisotropic character of the coke. Planar molecules have a tendency to align in an approximately parallel arrangement to initiate the formation of the nematic mesophase leading to the formation of anisotropic coke. Nonplanar highly alkylated compounds and/or those rich in polar groups form isotropic coke. The aliphatic branches produce steric hindrance to alignment, whereas the polar groups participate in cross-linking reactions.

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Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157000 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1004-1005

Author(s):

Randall W. Smith ◽

John Dash

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Microlayer ◽

Surface Films ◽

Water Interface ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Air Water Interface ◽

Significant Area ◽

Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

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