Reply to Comments on “A Priori Phase Equilibrium Prediction from a Segment Contribution Solvation Model”

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2332-2334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang-Tai Lin ◽  
Stanley I. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Solvation Model

scholarly journals Analytical / Computational Approach to Liquid Spray Heating and Vaporization at Supercritical Pressures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Sirignano ◽  
Albert Jorda Juanos
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Supercritical Pressure ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Liquid Spray ◽  
Real Fluids

Our findings from two areas of background research will define an approach to the study of liquid spray heating andvaporization in gases at supercritical pressure: (i) vaporizing droplets at supercritical pressure and (ii) supercritical combustion in simple configurations, e.g., counterflow. The a priori conclusion that only one phase exists at super- critical pressure is based on false “lore” and not physical law. The question about the phases must be left open until the analysis reaches a conclusion; a proper approach will be defined. Proper equations of state for density and en- thalpy and the determination of phase equilibrium, liquid composition due to dissolved gas, energy of vaporization, surface tension, and transport properties for high pressures will be discussed. The case of an isolated droplet will be reviewed and origin of the transcritical concept will be explained. A counterflow spray configuration at pressures above the liquid critical pressure will be analyzed. The concept of shifting phase equilibrium will be applied as the droplets in the spray heat. Hydrocarbon liquids and oxidizing gaseous environments will be studied. Differences between real fluids and ideal fluids at high pressures will be emphasized. Proper rules for gaseous mixtures andliquid solutions will be discussed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4615

A priori prediction of complex liquid–liquid–liquid equilibria in organic systems using a continuum solvation model

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (38) ◽  
pp. 22023-22034
Author(s):  
Priyotosh Bairagya ◽  
Debashis Kundu ◽  
Tamal Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Continuum Solvation ◽  
Solvation Model ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Activity Coefficient Model ◽  
P Application ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Model Segment

Application of Rachford–Rice LLLE (RRL3E) and Henley–Rosen LLLE (HRL3E) algorithms for the prediction of liquid–liquid–liquid equilibria phase behavior of ternary and quaternary systems invoking COnductor like Screening MOdel-Segment Activity Coefficient model.

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 996-997
Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

Treating Velopharyngeal Inadequacy Using Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Buccal Flap

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352

Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Project Match Research Group
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Project Match
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