Polymers with Multiple Ligand Sites for Metal Extractions in Dense-Phase Carbon Dioxide†

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1301-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Powell ◽  
T. Mark McCleskey ◽  
William Tumas ◽  
Joseph M. DeSimone
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
Multiple Ligand

Assessment of Failure Frequency Methodology Applied to Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lyons ◽  
Julia Race ◽  
Ben Wetenhall ◽  
Enrong Chang ◽  
Harry Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
Failure Frequency

ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysis for Fine Chemicals in Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide

ChemInform ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Ciriminna ◽  
Massimo L. Carraro ◽  
Sandro Campestrini ◽  
Mario Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Dense Phase

A Numerical Assessment of Carbon-Dioxide-Rich Two-Phase Flows with Dense Phases in Offshore Production Pipelines

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 712-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de A. Pasqualette ◽  
João N. E. Carneiro ◽  
Stein Tore Johansen ◽  
Bjørn Tore Løvfall ◽  
Roberto Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
Offshore Production

Summary One-dimensional numerical simulations of carbon dioxide (CO2)-rich crude-oil flows were performed with a commercial simulator for a typical offshore production pipeline under steady-state scenarios. Mixtures with 20–50 mol% CO2 and gas/oil ratio (GOR) of 300–600 std m3/std m3 were thermodynamically modeled with the predictive Peng-Robinson (PPR78) equation of state (EOS) (Robinson and Peng 1978; Jaubert and Mutelet 2004), and fluid properties were tabulated in pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) lookup tables. Thorough analyses on the separate CO2 and GOR effects on several flow parameters (e.g., temperature drop, pressure gradient, and flow patterns) were performed. The occurrence of the simultaneous flow of liquid and an ambiguous dense phase was quantified and discussed in depth. The properties of those phases [e.g., Joule-Thomson coefficient, viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT), and gas/liquid-density ratio] along the pipeline for several mixtures and operational conditions were addressed as well. It was seen that the dense phase can be a problem for phase-identification criteria, which can affect the flow-simulation results. This was further analyzed in simple cases of horizontal and vertical flows of CO2-rich crude-oil mixtures, under key temperature/pressure conditions. Finally, comparisons were performed between the holdup and pressure-gradient results of those cases, obtained with different liquid/liquid- and gas/liquid-modeling approaches of a hydrodynamic point model of a commercial simulator.

Advances in Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Biphasic Metal-Catalyzed Reactions in Dense-Phase Carbon Dioxide

ChemInform ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Ikariya ◽  
Ryoji Noyori ◽  
Michael B. Abrams ◽  
Charles A. G. Carter ◽  
Gunilla B. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Inactivation of Escherichia coli (ATCC 4157) in Diluted Apple Cider by Dense-Phase Carbon Dioxide

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
GURBUZ GUNES ◽  
L. K. BLUM ◽  
J. H. HOTCHKISS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Product Ratio ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Dense-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) treatments in a continuous flow through system were applied to apple cider to inactivate Escherichia coli (ATCC 4157). A response surface design with factors of the CO2/product ratio (0, 70, and 140 g/kg), temperature (25, 35, and 45°C), and pressure (6.9, 27.6, and 48.3 MPa) were used. E. coli was very sensitive to dense CO2 treatment, with a more than 6-log reduction in treatments containing 70 and 140 g/kg CO2, irrespective of temperature and pressure. The CO2/product ratio was the most important factor affecting inactivation rate of E. coli. No effect of temperature and pressure was detected because of high sensitivity of the cells to dense CO2. Dense CO2 could be an alternative pasteurization treatment for apple cider. Further studies dealing with the organoleptic quality of the product are needed.

Selective epoxidation in dense phase carbon dioxide

1998 ◽  
pp. 1015-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Pesiri ◽  
David R. Pesiri ◽  
David K. Morita ◽  
William Tumas ◽  
William Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dense Phase

Review of Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide Application to Citrus Juices

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Balaban ◽  
Giovanna Ferrentino ◽  
Milena Ramirez ◽  
Maria L. Plaza ◽  
Thelma Calix
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Citrus Juices ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The University

The United States is the second largest citrus producer in the world. Florida and California are the two major producing states. While oranges from California are mainly used for fresh fruit consumption, more than 90% of oranges produced in Florida are processed to juice (FAO 2008). Consumers demand high quality and convenient products with natural flavor and taste, and appreciate the “fresh” perception of minimally processed juices. They also look for safe, natural, and healthy products without additives and preservatives. New processing technologies promise to meet all these demands without compromising food safety. Commercial orange juice is thermally processed to inactivate pectinesterase (PE) and spoilage organisms. Active PE causes clarification of orange juice by cloud loss, which is considered a quality defect (Boff et al. 2003). Thermal processing can be detrimental to the organoleptic and nutritional qualities of the juice (Sloan 1995), so the development of non-thermal technologies (Barbosa-Canovas et al. 1998) is desirable in the citrus juice industry. Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) is a non-thermal technology that can inactivate certain micro-organisms and enzymes at temperatures low enough to avoid the thermal effects of traditional pasteurization. This technology relies on the chemical effect of CO2 on micro-organisms and enzymes. DPCD pasteurization technology is commercially available. Most of the commercialization efforts so far have been from Praxair Inc. (Burr Ridge, IL). Based on technology licensed from the University of Florida (Balaban et al. 1988, 1998), Praxair developed a continuous system which uses the DPCD process as a non-thermal alternative to thermal pasteurization (Connery et al. 2005). This system has been commercialized under the Trade Mark “Better Than Fresh (BTF).” To date, Praxair has constructed four mobile BTF units for processing about 1.5 liters per minute for demonstration purposes. In addition, a commercial scale unit of 150 liters per minute was also constructed (Connery et al. 2005) and tested at an orange juice processing plant in Florida. There are other commercialization efforts. The excellent taste of the juice processed with this new technology was demonstrated in three independent sensory panels that compared juice treated with this system to that of fresh squeezed juice. In all the tests, no difference could be detected. It is important that CO2 is completely saturated in the juice if DPCD is to be successful. Saturation (equilibrium solubility) depends on the pressure, temperature, and composition of the juice. Until recently, the exact amount of CO2 to be used in DPCD processing was unknown since solubility data was unavailable at different pressures, temperatures, and juice compositions, and an excess amount was used. To optimize the use of CO2 in this non-thermal process, new equipment has been developed to measure the solubility of CO2 in liquid systems and juices. The objective of this paper is to present a general review of the applications of DPCD to citrus juices and to introduce the use of new equipment developed at the University of Florida to determine the solubility of CO2 in citrus juices. Paper published with permission.

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