Comments on "Modeling the Viscosity of Middle-East Crude Oil Mixtures"

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Mixtures

Modeling the viscosity of Middle-East crude oil mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2183-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birbal Singh ◽  
Adango Miadonye ◽  
V. Rao Puttagunta
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Mixtures

Microwave monitoring of water in crude oil mixtures in the K-band. Part 1. Initial investigation

The Analyst ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Alder ◽  
Ian M. Clegg ◽  
Peter K. P. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
K Band

Linking crude oil prices and Middle East stock markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousa Tawfeeq ◽  
Alan R. Collins ◽  
Levan Elbakidze ◽  
Gulnara Zaynutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Crude Oil Prices

Compatibility Evaluation of BZ25-1 Crude Oils in Bohai Bay, China

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Jing ◽  
Hongbin Niu ◽  
Lingbin Pan ◽  
Xiaoqin Xiong ◽  
Liwen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
North Latitude

BZ25-1 oilfield is located in the southeast of Bohai bay which geographically lies between 119°00′ to 119°15′ east longitude and 38°10′ to 38°20′ north latitude. It has two oil blocks, including Shahejie (SHJ) waxy oil and Minghuazhen (MHZ) heavy oil, with six wellhead platforms WHPA∼WHPF and six submarine pipelines. Therein, the WHPC-WHPB and WHPB-SPM (Single Point Mooring) pipelines transport the mixture of the two produced crude oils. However, the mixing of the two oils will certainly bring out a change in their components and properties, which directly affects the safe operation of the submarine pipelines and offshore production facilities. Therefore, this paper compounds three kinds of MHZ/SHJ mixed oils with blending ratios of 1:1, 3:1 and 9:1, mainly studies how the components, rheological and thermophysical properties of the oil mixtures change with the blending ratio. The major objective of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of the two crude oils and provide a theoretical basis for the production optimization and risk elusion of the oilfield. The results of the study show that the components and properties of SHJ crude oil are quite different from those of MHZ oil, the flow behavior of SHJ oil is more sensitive to temperature. As MHZ oil in the compounds increases, the contents of asphaltene, resin, sulfur and carbon residue will increase except wax contents, their viscosities, densities and flash points will also increase, but their pour points, yield stresses, calorific values and other major thermophysical parameters will decrease. A blending ratio of 2∼7:1 for MHZ to SHJ crude oil can be concluded to make the properties of the compounds meet the safe and economic requirements of the subsea pipeline and offshore facility operations and ensure the compatibility of the mixed oils. In actuality, the field operations have confirmed that the recommended blending ratio is reasonable and practicable.

scholarly journals N-Aryl–linked spirocyclic polymers for membrane separations of complex hydrocarbon mixtures

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6501) ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Kirstie A. Thompson ◽  
Ronita Mathias ◽  
Daeok Kim ◽  
Jihoon Kim ◽  
Neel Rangnekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Energy Efficient Technology

The fractionation of crude-oil mixtures through distillation is a large-scale, energy-intensive process. Membrane materials can avoid phase changes in such mixtures and thereby reduce the energy intensity of these thermal separations. With this application in mind, we created spirocyclic polymers with N-aryl bonds that demonstrated noninterconnected microporosity in the absence of ladder linkages. The resulting glassy polymer membranes demonstrated nonthermal membrane fractionation of light crude oil through a combination of class- and size-based “sorting” of molecules. We observed an enrichment of molecules lighter than 170 daltons corresponding to a carbon number of 12 or a boiling point less than 200°C in the permeate. Such scalable, selective membranes offer potential for the hybridization of energy-efficient technology with conventional processes such as distillation.

Phase Behavior of CO2 and Crude Oil in Low-Temperature Reservoirs

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 480-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Orr ◽  
A.D. Yu ◽  
C.L. Lien
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Oil Mixtures

Abstract Phase behavior of CO2/Crude-oil mixtures which exhibit liquid/liquid (L/L) and liquid/ liquid/vapor (L/L/V) equilibria is examined. Results of single-contact phase behavior experiments for CO2/separator-oil mixtures are reported. Experimental results are interpreted using pseudoternary phase diagrams based on a review of phase behavior data for binary and ternary mixtures of CO2 with alkanes. Implications for the displacement process of L/L/V phase behavior are examined using a one-dimensional finite difference simulator. Results of the analysis suggest that L/L and L/L/V equilibria will occur for CO2/crude-oil mixtures at temperatures below about 120 degrees F (49 degrees C) and that development of miscibility occurs by extraction of hydrocarbons from the oil into a CO2-rich liquid phase in such systems. Introduction The efficiency of a displacement of oil by CO2 depends on a variety of factors, including phase behavior of CO2/crude-oil mixtures generated during the displacement, densities and viscosities of the phases present, relative permeabilities to individual phases, and a host of additional complications such as dispersion, viscous fingering, reservoir heterogeneities, and layering. It generally is acknowledged that phase behavior and attendant compositional effects on fluid properties strongly influence local displacement efficiency, though it also is clear that on a reservoir scale, poor vertical and areal sweep efficiency (caused by the low viscosity of the displacing CO2) may negate the favorable effects of phase behavior.Interpretation of the effects of phase behavior on displacement efficiency is made difficult by the complexity of the behavior of CO2/crude-oil mixtures. The standard interpretation of CO2 flooding phase behaviour, given first by Rathmell et al. is that CO2 flooding behaves much like a vaporizing gas drive, as described originally by Hutchinson and Braun. During a flood, vaporphase CO2 mixes with oil in place and extracts light and intermediate hydrocarbons. After multiple contacts, the CO2-rich phase vaporizes enough hydrocarbons to develop a composition that can displace oil efficiently, if not miscibly. The picture presented by Rathmell et al. appears to be consistent with phase behavior observed for CO2/ crudeoil mixtures as long as the reservoir temperature is high enough. Table 1 summarizes data reported for CO2/crude-oil mixtures. Of the 10 systems studied, all those at temperatures above 120 degrees F (50 degrees C) show only L/V equilibria while those below 120 degrees F exhibit L/L/V separations (Stalkup also reports two phase diagrams that are qualitatively similar to the other low-temperature diagrams but does not give temperatures). Thus, at temperatures not too far above the critical temperature of CO2 [88 degrees F (31 degrees C)], mixtures of CO2 and crude oil exhibit multiple liquid phases, and at some pressures L/L/V equilibria are observed. It has not been established whether Rathmell et al.'s interpretation of the process mechanism can be extended to cover the more complex phase behavior of low-temperature CO2/crude-oil mixtures. In a recent paper, Metcalfe and Yarborough argued critical temperature CO2 floods behave more like condensing gas drives, whereas Kamath et al. concluded that an increase in the solubility of liquid-phase CO2 in crude oil at temperatures near the critical temperature of CO2 should cause more efficient displacements of oil by CO2. SPEJ P. 480^

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