Comparative Methods for Gas Diffusivity and Solubility Determination in Extreme Media:  Application to Molecular Oxygen in an Industrial Chlorine−Soda Electrolyte

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 3083-3089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Chatenet ◽  
Marc Aurousseau ◽  
Robert Durand
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Gas Diffusivity ◽  
Solubility Determination ◽  
Extreme Media

Interaction of Molecular Oxygen with Si(001) Surface Covered with a Chromium or Titanium Monolayer

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P. Koval ◽  
◽  
Yu.A. Len ◽  
M.G. Nakhodkin ◽  
M.O. Svishevs’kyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen

Energetic Control of Redox-Active Polymers Towards Safe Organic Bioelectronic Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Giovannitti ◽  
Reem B. Rashid ◽  
Quentin Thiburce ◽  
Bryan D. Paulsen ◽  
Camila Cendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Semiconducting Polymers ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Device Operation

<p>Avoiding faradaic side reactions during the operation of electrochemical devices is important to enhance the device stability, to achieve low power consumption, and to prevent the formation of reactive side‑products. This is particularly important for bioelectronic devices which are designed to operate in biological systems. While redox‑active materials based on conducting and semiconducting polymers represent an exciting class of materials for bioelectronic devices, they are susceptible to electrochemical side‑reactions with molecular oxygen during device operation. We show that this electrochemical side reaction yields hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), a reactive side‑product, which may be harmful to the local biological environment and may also accelerate device degradation. We report a design strategy for the development of redox-active organic semiconductors based on donor-acceptor copolymers that prevent the formation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during device operation. This study elucidates the previously overlooked side-reactions between redox-active conjugated polymers and molecular oxygen in electrochemical devices for bioelectronics, which is critical for the operation of electrolyte‑gated devices in application-relevant environments.</p>

Optical Properties of Photodynamic Therapy Drugs in Different Environments: The Paradigmatic Case of Temoporfin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
busenur Aslanoglu ◽  
Ilya Yakavets ◽  
Vladimir Zorin ◽  
Henri-Pierre Lassalle ◽  
Francesca Ingrosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Computational Tools

Computational tools have been used to study the photophysical and photochemical features of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) –a minimally invasive, less aggressive alternative for cancer treatment. PDT is mainly based by the activation of molecular oxygen through the action of a photoexcited sensitizer (photosensitizer). Temoporfin, widely known as mTHPC, is a second-generation photosensitizer, which produces the cytotoxic singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light and hence destroys tumor cells. However, the bioavailability of the mostly hydrophobic photosensitizer, and hence its incorporation into the cells, is fundamental to achieve the desired effect on malignant tissues by PDT. In this study, we focus on the optical properties of the temoporfin chromophore in different environments –in <i>vacuo</i>, in solution, encapsulated in drug delivery agents, namely cyclodextrin, and interacting with a lipid bilayer.

Summary: Process Tracing and Comparative Methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bennett ◽  
Tasha Fairfield ◽  
Hillel David Soifer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Process Tracing

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Ready
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Bibliographical Survey

This chapter aims to convince Homerists and their fellow travelers in classical studies that they will find this entire book of value and to persuade those with interests in comparative literature, ethnography, folkloristics, and linguistic anthropology that they should at least read Part I. The chapter reviews the precedents for and goals of this study, defends the choice of the phrases “the Iliad poet” and “the Odyssey poet,” explains the comparative methods used, provides a bibliographical survey of the modern oral poetries investigated in the book, defines a simile, and summarizes the contents of each chapter.

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