Solubility of Silver Halides and Stability of Silver Halide Complexes in Selected Nonaqueous Media

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean C. Luehrs ◽  
Reynold T. Iwamoto ◽  
Jacob Kleinberg
Keyword(s):  
Silver Halide ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
Halide Complexes

Einfaches System, vielfältige Strukturen: Eine Neuuntersuchung der (Amin)halogenidosilber(I)-Komplexe/ A Simple System with many Structural Variants: A Reexamination of (Amine)halogenidosilver(I) Complexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wölper ◽  
María Dolores Polo Bastardés ◽  
Ina Dix ◽  
Daniel Kratzert ◽  
Peter G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Simple System ◽  
Structural Variants ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Secondary Interactions ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Halide Complexes

We report the structures of nineteen new amine silver halide complexes, some of them featuring previously unknown structure types, stoichiometries (such as L4Ag5X5) and coordination numbers. Known structures have been included and analysed for non-classical hydrogen bonds. We have identified three important factors for the formation of certain structure types. First, Ag-X bonds that form a central framework, typically staircase-shaped. Secondly, hydrogen bonds or other secondary interactions competing with these leading to a weakening or disappearance of some of the central Ag-X bonds. Finally, the polarity of the substituent at nitrogen and the silver halides influence the stoichiometry of the complex.

The lowest energy excited states of the binuclear silver(I) halide complexes, Ag2(dmb)2X2. Metal-centered or charge transfer states?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Piché ◽  
Pierre D. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
Isocyanide Ligands ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Halide Complexes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Uv Visible

The nature of the lowest energy excited states of the Ag2(dmb)2X2 complexes (X = Cl, Br, I; dmb = 1,8-diisocyano-ρ-menthane) have been addressed both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the lowest energy excited states of the complexes are charge transfer states from the silver-halide frame to the isocyanide ligands (M/XLCT) based upon UV-visible spectra and emission polarization ratio measurements, and extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations (EHMO). The metal-centered dσ* → pσ bands have been observed in the higher energy region of the spectra (232–242 nm). The complexes are luminescent (440 ≤ λe ≤ 480 nm) both in a glass and in the solid state at 77 K where the emission lifetimes, τe, range from 20 to 90 µs, which depend upon the nature of the halide (for the solid state data) and the media. No emission is observed at room temperature.

scholarly journals Photo-conductance phenomena in the silver halides, and the latent photographic image.―Introduction and Part I

1930 ◽  
Vol 127 (806) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Halide ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Direct Part ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
Silver Salts ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Photographic Emulsions

In studying the mechanism of the photographic process the question naturally arises as to the part played by the silver halides, which form the basis of practically all photographic emulsions. It becomes important to determine whether, or not, the photographic mechanism can be linked up with one or more particular characteristics of these silver salts. Especially is this so in view of the fact that some investigators have developed theories in which the silver halides play no direct part in the photo-reaction taking place on exposure. They have assumed that the absorption of the active light and the resulting process occurs in other light sensitive substances associated with the silver halides in the emulsions, and that the function of the silver halide is merely to act as a source from which metallic silver is produced by the process of development. Weigert especially supports this idea at the present time. It seems to us, however, that the evidence which now exists is not only strongly against this view, but is in favour of the idea that the primary photographic process is intimately concerned with the absorption of light by the silver halides themselves, and may indeed be identified with certain of their characteristic properties.

Die Eignung einiger Übergangsmetallhalogenide als Kathodenmaterialien / The Suitability of Some Transition Metal Halides as Cathode Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Eichinger ◽  
Heinz P. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metal Halides ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Potentiometric Titrations ◽  
Halide Complexes ◽  
Copper Halides

Some transition metal halides are tested for their suitability as cathode materials in secondary high energy batteries. The solubilities of the silver halides are determined colorimetrically. Furthermore the generation of halide complexes of silver and copper halides in different electrolytes is tested by cyclic voltammetry. It is shown, that with silver and copper halides in different electrolytes, even in a solution of 1 ᴍ LiAlCl4 in PC halide complexes are formed, which rapidly diffuse from the working electrode. The generated chloro complexes were determined by potentiometric titrations as AgCl2, CuCl2 and CuCl2-4. The use of other transition metal halides is also considered.

Silver Halides in Photography

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen T. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Halide ◽  
Interatomic Potentials ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Latent Image ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Electronic Imaging ◽  
Mott Model ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Image Capturing ◽  
Insight Into

Since their first use about 150 years ago, silver halides have remained the primary photosensing materials in an image capturing process known as photography. Silver halides have retained their pre-eminent role despite numerous attempts to replace them with other materials. Even in the present era of electronics, conventional photography remains the most popular format for recording still images. When compared with electronic imaging, silver halide photography retains an edge in resolution, latitude, and convenience.The current superiority and popularity of conventional photography stem from an unusual confluence of properties found in the silver halides. The ensuing articles will discuss the properties that make silver halides particularly well suited for photography. The article by L.M. Slifkin discusses the improbability of any one material having the characteristics of the silver halides. F.C. Brown describes the special electronic properties, and P.W.M. Jacobs covers ionic characteristics. C.R.A. Catlow gives us some insight into the nature of the silver halides based on their interatomic potentials. This introductory article presents an overview of the photographic process.The theory of the photographic process has its roots in the Gurney-Mott model of latent image formation. Since it was first proposed over 50 years ago, this model has formed the basis of mechanistic thinking about photography.

The laboratories of Ilford Limited

1953 ◽  
Vol 220 (1143) ◽  
pp. 423-434
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Silver Halide Crystals ◽  
Complicated Nature

Ilford Limited has always been primarily interested in the production of light-sensitive photographic materials chiefly based upon the sensitivity of the silver halides to light at the blue and violet end of the visible spectrum. Most photographic materials consist of very small crystals of silver halide suspended in a medium of gelatin. On exposure to light the silver halide crystals are affected in such a way that they can be reduced to metallic silver by the application of a suitable reducing agent known as a developer. The resulting grains of silver produce a varying opacity to light according to their size and concentration and so produce an image of graded tone value. The silver halide crystals suspended in the gelatin vary in their sensitivity to light, that is to say, different grains will require the absorption of different amounts of energy to render them developable. In general, the larger the grain the greater is its sensitivity. From the time when light-sensitive photographic materials were first placed on a commercial basis, experimental work of some kind has been essential to success. In this respect the photographic industry is not exceptional, but it may perhaps be classed amongst those industries in which research is particularly vital. In the early days of the industry the research was largely empirical in its approach and remained so for many years. The principal reasons for this were the complicated nature of the emulsion-making process, the extreme complexity and variable nature of gelatin and the absence of any satisfactory hypothesis concerning the mechanism of the photographic process.

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