Alternative spin states in synthetic analogs of biological clusters: spin-quartet ground states and structures of tetrakis(benzenethiolato)tetrasulfidotetraferrate(3-) and tetrakis(benzenethiolato)tetraselenidotetraferrate(3-) as their tetramethylammonium salts

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Carney ◽  
G. C. Papaefthymiou ◽  
M. A. Whitener ◽  
K. Spartalian ◽  
R. B. Frankel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground States ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Tetramethylammonium Salts

scholarly journals q-DEFORMATIONS OF QUANTUM SPIN CHAINS WITH EXACT VALENCE-BOND GROUND STATES

1994 ◽  
Vol 08 (25n26) ◽  
pp. 3645-3654 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. BATCHELOR ◽  
C.M. YUNG
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Valence Bond ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Total Spin ◽  
Spin Chains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Quantum Spin Chains

Quantum spin chains with exact valence-bond ground states are of great interest in condensed-matter physics. A class of such models was proposed by Affleck et al., each of which is su(2)-invariant and constructed as a sum of projectors onto definite total spin states at neighboring sites. We propose to use the machinery of the q-deformation of su(2) to obtain generalisations of such models, and work out explicitly the two simplest examples. In one case we recover the known anisotropic spin-1 VBS model while in the other we obtain a new anisotropic generalisation of the spin-½ Majumdar-Ghosh model.

THE NUCLEAR MASS AT FINITE ANGULAR MOMENTA

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
INGEMAR RAGNARSSON ◽  
FILIP G. KONDEV ◽  
EDWARD S. PAUL ◽  
MARK A. RILEY ◽  
JOHN SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
High Spin ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Nuclear Mass ◽  
High Spin States ◽  
Angular Momenta ◽  
Systematic Expansion ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of experimental shell energies for nuclear ground states is generalized to finite angular momenta corresponding to a systematic expansion of the (N,Z)-plane to an (N,Z,I) space. Special emphasis is put on high-spin states where it is expected that odd and even nuclei should have similar properties. Different coupling schemes are compared and energetically favoured conditions to build high-spin states are discussed.

scholarly journals Singlet ground states in compounds with a [MnIII4O2]8+ core due to broken degeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 2934-2940
Author(s):  
Luis Escriche-Tur ◽  
Belén Albela ◽  
Mercè Font-Bardia ◽  
Montserrat Corbella
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Spin Configuration

Energy distribution of spin states depending on the distinction between the magnetic interactions. Singlet ground states due to broken degeneration of ST ≠ 0 states. Attempt to assign spin states to a particular spin configuration.

scholarly journals Spin structures of the ground states of four body bound systems with spin 3 cold atoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Liu ◽  
C. G. Bao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Spin Structure ◽  
Cold Atoms ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Spin Structures ◽  
Good Quantum Number ◽  
Spatial Degrees Of Freedom

AbstractWe consider the case that four spin-3 atoms are confined in an optical trap. The temperature is so low that the spatial degrees of freedom have been frozen. Exact numerical and analytical solutions for the spin-states have been both obtained. Two kinds of phase-diagrams for the ground states (g.s.) have been plotted. In general, the eigen-states with the total-spin S (a good quantum number) can be expanded in terms of a few basis-states $$f_{S,i}$$ f S , i . Let $$P_{f_{S,i}}^{\lambda }$$ P f S , i λ be the probability of a pair of spins coupled to $$\lambda =0, 2, 4$$ λ = 0 , 2 , 4 , and 6 in the $$f_{S,i}$$ f S , i state. Obviously, when the strength $$g_{\lambda }$$ g λ of the $$\lambda $$ λ -channel is more negative, the basis-state with the largest $$P_{f_{S,i}}^{\lambda }$$ P f S , i λ would be more preferred by the g.s.. When two strengths are more negative, the two basis-states with the two largest probabilities would be more important components. Thus, based on the probabilities, the spin-structures (described via the basis-states) can be understood. Furthermore, all the details in the phase-diagrams, say, the critical points of transition, can also be explained. Note that, for $$f_{S,i}$$ f S , i , $$P_{f_{S,i}}^{\lambda }$$ P f S , i λ is completely determined by symmetry. Thus, symmetry plays a very important role in determining the spin-structure of the g.s..

TOPOLOGICAL ORDERS IN RIGID STATES

1990 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. WEN
Keyword(s):  
Ground States ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Topological Order ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Ground State Degeneracy ◽  
Translation Symmetry ◽  
Gauge Structure

We study a new kind of ordering — topological order — in rigid states (the states with no local gapless excitations). We concentrate on characterization of the different topological orders. As an example we discuss in detail chiral spin states of 2 + 1 dimensional spin systems. Chiral spin states are described by the topological Chern-Simons theories in the continuum limit. We show that the topological orders can be characterized by a non-Abelian gauge structure over the moduli space which parametrizes a family of the model Hamiltonians supporting topologically ordered ground states. In 2 + 1 dimensions, the non-Abelian gauge structure determines possible fractional statistics of the quasi-particle excitations over the topologically ordered ground states. The dynamics of the low lying global excitations is shown to be independent of random spatial dependent perturbations. The ground state degeneracy and the non-Abelian gauge structures discussed in this paper are very robust, even against those perturbations that break translation symmetry. We also discuss the symmetry properties of the degenerate ground states of chiral spin states. We find that some degenerate ground states of chiral spin states on torus carry non-trivial quantum numbers of the 90° rotation.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

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