Production of High Purity Chromium Oxide and Recovery of Chlorine from Hydrogen Chloride

1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
High Purity

Characterization of oxides formed on iron-chromium-aluminum alloy in simulated light water reactor environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul B. Rebak ◽  
Michael Larsen ◽  
Young-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Water Reactor ◽  
Iron Chromium

AbstractTo avoid accidents like that in Fukushima, the US Department of Energy is engaged with a nuclear fuel vendor to evaluate the performance of iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys such as advanced powder metallurgy tubing (APMT) as accident-tolerant material for uranium dioxide fuel cladding in light water reactors (LWR). It was important to characterize the oxides formed on APMT under both boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) environments for a better understanding of its environmental sustainability in LWRs. Coupons of APMT were exposed for 1 year to both hydrogenated and oxygenated high-purity water at 288°C (e.g. simulated BWR water chemistry without Pt injection) and hydrogenated high-purity water at 330°C (e.g. simulated primary PWR water chemistry without Li/B addition). Results show that after 1-year immersion, APMT always developed a chromium-rich protective oxide film on its surface. In oxygen-containing environments, the oxide consisted of a dual layer, an external thicker layer containing mostly iron oxides and a thinner internal layer rich in chromium oxide. In hydrogen environments, only a single oxide layer formed, consisting of chromium oxide. This is a similar finding as for type 304 and 316 stainless steels and for nickel-based alloy 600, which is extensively reported in the literature. General corrosion of APMT alloys under LWR operating conditions would not be a limiting factor for its performance as cladding material.

STUDIES IN THE POLYOXYPHENOL SERIES: V. PREPARATION FROM PYROGALLOL OF THE ISOMERIC CYCLOHEXANE-1,2,3-TRIOLS AND -1,2-DIOLS, AND OF SEVERAL ISOPROPYLIDENE AND MONOMETHYL DERIVATIVES

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 911-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Christian ◽  
C. J. Gogek ◽  
C. B. Purves
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Palladium Catalysts ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oil Formation

A study of the high pressure hydrogenation of pyrogallol over nickel, copper – chromium oxide, and palladium catalysts showed that yields of 35% to about 60% of cis-cis-cis-cyclohexane-l,2,3-triol were attainable, but that the cis-cis-trans and cis-trans-cis isomers were formed only in minor amount. Partial hydrogenolysis of these primary products incidentally yielded some cis-cyclohexane-l,2-diol, a smaller amount of the trans form, but none of the 1,3-diols. The following derivatives were prepared apparently for the first time: cis-cis-isopropylidene-cis-cyclohexane-l,2,3-triol, an oil, and its monobenzoate, m.p. 103 °C.; cis-cis-isopropylidene-trans-cyclohexane-l,2,3-triol, m.p. 51°C., and its monobenzoate, m.p. 72° to 76°C.; cis-monomethyl-cis-cis-cyclohexanetriol, m.p. 71°C., and its bis-3,5-dinitrobenzoate, m.p. 190°C.; trans-monomethyl-cis-cis-cyclohexane-l,2,3-triol, m.p. 37°C.;and isopropylidene-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol, an oil. Formation of the latter compound occurred when p-toluene-sulphonic acid, and not the customary hydrogen chloride, was used as catalyst in the condensation of the trans diol with acetone.

Determination of particle-bound trace metals in high purity hydrogen chloride

1988 ◽  
Vol 329 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner G. Faix ◽  
Wolfgang Schramm ◽  
Francis Vix ◽  
G. Weichbrodt ◽  
Richard Henkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
High Purity ◽  
High Purity Hydrogen

THE PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE BY ARC-INDUCED HYDROGEN REDUCTION OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Ingraham ◽  
K. W. Downes ◽  
P. Marier
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Titanium Metal ◽  
Titanium Trichloride ◽  
Powdered Titanium ◽  
Induced Reaction

Finely powdered titanium trichloride of high purity was prepared by an arc-induced reaction of titanium tetrachloride with hydrogen. The hydrogen chloride by-product was passed over heated titanium, and the regenerated hydrogen and titanium tetrachloride were recirculated to the arc. The method in effect utilizes the reducing power of the titanium metal to produce titanium trichloride from titanium tetrachloride.

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

Preparation and characterisation of vanadium pentoxide supported rhodium catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
A. Legrouri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reducible Oxides

The industrial importance of metal catalysts supported on reducible oxides has stimulated considerable interest during the last few years. This presentation reports on the study of the physicochemical properties of metallic rhodium supported on vanadium pentoxide (Rh/V2O5). Electron optical methods, in conjunction with other techniques, were used to characterise the catalyst before its use in the hydrogenolysis of butane; a reaction for which Rh metal is known to be among the most active catalysts.V2O5 powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of high purity ammonium metavanadate in air at 400 °C for 2 hours. Previous studies of the microstructure of this compound, by HREM, SEM and gas adsorption, showed it to be non— porous with a very low surface area of 6m2/g3. The metal loading of the catalyst used was lwt%Rh on V2Q5. It was prepared by wet impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of RhCI3.3H2O.

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