Dry Deposition of Reduced and Reactive Nitrogen:  A Surrogate Surfaces Approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2113-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama M. Shahin ◽  
Xiang Zhu ◽  
Thomas M. Holsen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces

Quantifying atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentrations, dry deposition, and isotope dynamics surrounding a Marcellus Shale well pad

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 117196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin G. Coughlin ◽  
Emily M. Elliott ◽  
Lucy A. Rose ◽  
Natalie J. Pekney ◽  
Matthew Reeder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Marcellus Shale ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

scholarly journals Effects of aerosol dynamics and gas–particle conversion on dry deposition of inorganic reactive nitrogen in a temperate forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 4933-4949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genki Katata ◽  
Kazuhide Matsuda ◽  
Atsuyuki Sorimachi ◽  
Mizuo Kajino ◽  
Kentaro Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Transport Models

Abstract. Dry deposition has an impact on nitrogen status in forest environments. However, the mechanism for the high dry-deposition rates of fine nitrate particles (NO3-) observed in forests remains unknown and is thus a potential source of error in chemical transport models (CTMs). Here, we modified and applied a multilayer land surface model coupled with dry-deposition and aerosol dynamic processes for a temperate mixed forest in Japan. This represents the first application of such a model to ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) gas–particle conversion (gpc) and the aerosol water uptake of reactive nitrogen compounds. Thermodynamics, kinetics, and dry deposition for mixed inorganic particles are modeled by a triple-moment modal method. Data for inorganic mass and size-resolved total number concentrations measured by a filter pack and electrical low-pressure impactor in autumn were used for model inputs and subsequent numerical analysis. The model successfully reproduces turbulent fluxes observed above the canopy and vertical micrometeorological profiles noted in our previous studies. The sensitivity tests with and without gpc demonstrated clear changes in the inorganic mass and size-resolved total number concentrations within the canopy. The results also revealed that within-canopy evaporation of NH4NO3 under dry conditions significantly enhances the deposition flux of fine-NO3- and fine-NH4+ particles, while reducing the deposition flux of nitric acid gas (HNO3). As a result of the evaporation of particulate NH4NO3, the calculated daytime mass flux of fine NO3- over the canopy was 15 times higher in the scenario of “gpc” than in the scenario of “no gpc”. This increase caused high contributions from particle deposition flux (NO3- and NH4+) to total nitrogen flux over the forest ecosystem (∼39 %), although the contribution of NH3 was still considerable. A dry-deposition scheme coupled with aerosol dynamics may be required to improve the predictive accuracy of chemical transport models for the surface concentration of inorganic reactive nitrogen.

Validation of nitrogen dry deposition modelling above a mixed forest using high-frequency flux measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Wintjen ◽  
Frederik Schrader ◽  
Martijn Schaap ◽  
Burkhard Beudert ◽  
Christian Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Deposition Models

<p>Reactive nitrogen (N<sub>r</sub>) compounds comprise essential nutrients for plants. However, a large supply of nitrogen by fertilization through atmospheric deposition may be harmful for ecosystems such as peatlands and may lead to a loss of biodiversity, soil acidification and eutrophication. In addition, nitrogen compounds may cause adverse human health impacts. Large parts of N<sub>r</sub> emissions originate from anthropogenic activities.  Emission hotspots of ΣN<sub>r</sub>, i.e. the sum of all N<sub>r</sub> compounds, are related to crop production and livestock farming (mainly through ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>) and fossil fuel combustion by transport and industry (mainly through nitrogen oxides, NO<sub>2 </sub>and NO). Such additional amount of N<sub>r</sub> will enhance its biosphere-atmosphere exchange, affect plant health and can influence its photosynthetic capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly estimate the nitrogen exchange between biosphere and atmosphere.</p><p>For measuring the nitrogen mixing ratios a converter for reactive nitrogen (TRANC: Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter) was used. The TRANC converts all reactive nitrogen compounds, except for nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), to nitric oxide (NO) and is coupled to a fast-response chemiluminescence detector (CLD). Due to a low detection limit and a response time of about 0.3s the TRANC-CLD system can be used for flux calculation based on the eddy covariance (EC) technique. Flux losses, which are related to the experimental setup, different response characteristics and the general high reactivity of most N gases and aerosols, occur in the high frequency range. We estimated damping factors of approximately 20% with an empirical cospectral approach.</p><p>For getting a reliable prediction of ΣN<sub>r</sub> fluxes through deposition models, long-term flux measurements offer the possibility to verify the nitrogen uptake capacity and to investigate exchange characteristics of ΣN<sub>r </sub>in different ecosystems.</p><p>In this study, we compare modelled dry deposition fluxes using the deposition module DEPAC (DEPosition of Acidifying Compounds) within the chemical transport model LOTOS-EUROS (LOng Term Ozone Simulation – EURopean Operational Smog) against ΣN<sub>r</sub> flux measurements of the TRANC-CLD for a remote mixed forest site with hardly any local anthropogenic emission sources. This procedure allows to determine the background load and the natural exchange characteristics of nitrogen under low atmospheric concentrations. Therefore, the broad-scale dry deposition predicted directly by LOTOS-EUROS was compared to site-specific modelling results obtained using measured meteorological input data as well as the directly measured ΣN<sub>r</sub> fluxes. In addition, the influence of land-use weighting in LOTOS-EUROS was examined. We further compare our results to ΣN<sub>r</sub> deposition estimates obtained with canopy budget techniques. Measured ΣN<sub>r</sub> dry deposition at the site was 4.5 kg N ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, in close agreement with modelled estimates using DEPAC with measured drivers (5.2 kg N ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) and as integrated in the chemical transport model LOTOS-EUROS (5.2 kg N ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> to 6.9 kg N ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> depending on the weighting of land-use classes).</p><p>Our study is the first one presenting 2.5 years flux measurements of ΣN<sub>r</sub> above a remote mixed forest. Further verifications of long-term flux measurements against deposition models are useful to improve them and result in better understanding of exchange processes of ΣN<sub>r</sub>.</p>

Airborne Concentrations and Dry Deposition Fluxes of Particulate Species to Surrogate Surfaces Deployed in Southern Lake Michigan

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Zufall ◽  
Cliff I. Davidson ◽  
Peter F. Caffrey ◽  
John M. Ondov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces

On the dry deposition of ozone and reactive nitrogen species

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 3209-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kramm ◽  
R. Dlugi ◽  
G.J. Dollard ◽  
T. Foken ◽  
N. Mölders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Species

scholarly journals Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: a comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2703-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Flechard ◽  
E. Nemitz ◽  
R. I. Smith ◽  
D. Fowler ◽  
A. T. Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Ambient Nh3 ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

Abstract. Inferential models have long been used to determine pollutant dry deposition to ecosystems from measurements of air concentrations and as part of national and regional atmospheric chemistry and transport models, and yet models still suffer very large uncertainties. An inferential network of 55 sites throughout Europe for atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) was established in 2007, providing ambient concentrations of gaseous NH3, NO2, HNO3 and HONO and aerosol NH4+ and NO3− as part of the NitroEurope Integrated Project. Network results providing modelled inorganic Nr dry deposition to the 55 monitoring sites are presented, using four existing dry deposition routines, revealing inter-model differences and providing ensemble average deposition estimates. Dry deposition is generally largest over forests in regions with large ambient NH3 concentrations, exceeding 30–40 kg N ha−1 yr−1 over parts of the Netherlands and Belgium, while some remote forests in Scandinavia receive less than 2 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Turbulent Nr deposition to short vegetation ecosystems is generally smaller than to forests due to reduced turbulent exchange, but also because NH3 inputs to fertilised, agricultural systems are limited by the presence of a substantial NH3 source in the vegetation, leading to periods of emission as well as deposition. Differences between models reach a factor 2–3 and are often greater than differences between monitoring sites. For soluble Nr gases such as NH3 and HNO3, the non-stomatal pathways are responsible for most of the annual uptake over many surfaces, especially the non-agricultural land uses, but parameterisations of the sink strength vary considerably among models. For aerosol NH4+ and NO3− discrepancies between theoretical models and field flux measurements lead to much uncertainty in dry deposition rates for fine particles (0.1–0.5 μm). The validation of inferential models at the ecosystem scale is best achieved by comparison with direct long-term micrometeorological Nr flux measurements, but too few such datasets are available, especially for HNO3 and aerosol NH4+ and NO3−.

Dry deposition of nitrate and sulphate on surrogate surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saxena ◽  
U.C. Kulshreshta ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
K.M. Kumari ◽  
S.S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces
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