Toxic Air Contaminants in Porto Alegre, Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Grosjean ◽  
Reinhold A. Rasmussen ◽  
Daniel Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants

A Supplied Air Hood for Protection against Very Toxic Air Contaminants

AIHAJ ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
J. M. White ◽  
R. J. Beal ◽  
W. J. Courney
Keyword(s):  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants

scholarly journals Ambient and Emission Trends of Toxic Air Contaminants in California

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (19) ◽  
pp. 11329-11339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Propper ◽  
Patrick Wong ◽  
Son Bui ◽  
Jeff Austin ◽  
William Vance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants

Implications for Community Health from Exposure to Bushfire Air Toxics

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Reisen ◽  
Stephen K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Community Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Respirable Particles ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants ◽  
The Impact

Environmental Context. Significant bushfires have recently occurred in Indonesia (1997), Europe (2002), Australia (2000–2001) and the USA (2003), and burned large areas over extended periods of time. They cause widespread and serious air pollution through the release of respirable particles and other toxic air contaminants. These large fire events have shown clear impacts on community health and have caused increasing concern about the impact of bushfire smoke, whether from accidental or planned fires, on the health of surrounding communities. Abstract. Bushfires can cause widespread air pollution through the emission of high levels of toxic air contaminants that affect the health of surrounding communities. This review of studies that have evaluated the health impacts of bushfires in North America, Australia and South-East Asia shows that the primary pollutant consistently exceeding air quality guidelines is particulate matter. Elevated levels of respirable particles are likely to be the major cause of the higher number of hospital visits and admissions for respiratory and/or cardiovascular treatment, increased mortality, and elevated respiratory-related symptoms that were observed in communities after major bushfire events. Morbidity effects were found to be mostly short-lived and reversible after exposure ceased, and were more prevalent among susceptible groups such as asthmatics, children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory and/or cardiac illnesses. Implications of such exposures to the Australian population will be discussed in relation to existing (urban) air quality measures and options for community response to bushfire events.

Development of an Advanced Retrofit Aftertreatment System Targeting Toxic Air Contaminants and Particulate Matter Emissions From HD-CNG Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanth Kappanna ◽  
Marc C. Besch ◽  
Daniel K. Carder ◽  
Mridul Gautam ◽  
Adewale Oshinuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Exhaust Aftertreatment ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Number Count ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants ◽  
In Transit

Increasing urban pollution levels have led to the imposition of evermore stringent emissions regulations on heavy-duty engines used in transit buses. This has made compressed natural gas (CNG) a promising fuel for reducing emissions, particularly particulate matter (PM) from heavy-duty transit buses. Indeed, research studies performed at West Virginia University (WVU) and elsewhere have shown that pre-2010 compliant natural gas engines emit an order of magnitude lower PM emissions, on a mass basis, when compared to diesel engines without any exhaust aftertreatment devices. However, on a number basis, particle emissions in the nanoparticulate range were an order of magnitude higher for natural gas fueled buses than their diesel counterparts. There exists a significant number of pre-2007 CNG powered buses in transit agencies in the US and elsewhere in the world. Therefore, an exhaust aftertreatment device was designed and developed by WVU, in association with Lubrizol, to retrofit urban transit buses powered by MY2000 Cummins Westport C8.3G+ heavy-duty CNG engines, and effectively reduce Toxic Air Contaminants (TAC) and PM (mass and number count) exhaust emissions. The speciation results showed that the new exhaust aftertreatment device reduced emissions of metallic elements such as iron, zinc, nonmetallic minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and sulfur derived from lube oil additives to non-detectable levels, which otherwise could contribute to an increase in number count of nanoparticles. The carbonyl compounds were reduced effectively by the oxidation catalyst to levels below what were found in the dilution air. Also, hydrocarbons identified as TAC’s by California Air Resource Board (CARB) [1] were reduced to non-detectable levels. This ultimately reduced the number of nanoparticles to levels equal to that found in the dilution air.

Sampling Strategies for Toxic Air Contaminants

Risk Analysis ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-451
Author(s):  
S. Trivikrama Rao ◽  
Jia-Yeong Ku ◽  
K. Shankar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants

Potential Impact on Standards for Toxic Air Contaminants

1990 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1620-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Paustenbach ◽  
James D. Jemigan ◽  
Brent L. Finley ◽  
Steve R. Ripple ◽  
Russell E. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants

Exposure of firefighters to toxic air contaminants

AIHAJ ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVRAM GOLD ◽  
WM. A. BURGESS ◽  
EDWARD V. CLOUGHERTY
Keyword(s):  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Air Contaminants
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