scholarly journals Impact of California Reformulated Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Emissions. 2. Volatile Organic Compound Speciation and Reactivity

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kirchstetter ◽  
Brett C. Singer ◽  
Robert A. Harley ◽  
Gary R. Kendall ◽  
James M. Hesson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Reformulated Gasoline

scholarly journals Impact of California Reformulated Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Emissions. 1. Mass Emission Rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kirchstetter ◽  
Brett C. Singer ◽  
Robert A. Harley ◽  
Gary R. Kendall ◽  
Michael Traverse
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Reformulated Gasoline

scholarly journals APFoam 1.0: integrated computational fluid dynamics simulation of O<sub>3</sub>–NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>–volatile organic compound chemistry and pollutant dispersion in a typical street canyon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 4655-4681
Author(s):  
Luolin Wu ◽  
Jian Hang ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Min Shao ◽  
Cheng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Reactive Pollutant

Abstract. Urban air quality issues are closely related to human health and economic development. In order to investigate street-scale flow and air quality, this study developed the atmospheric photolysis calculation framework (APFoam 1.0), an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on OpenFOAM, which can be used to examine microscale reactive pollutant formation and dispersion in an urban area. The chemistry module of APFoam has been modified by adding five new types of reactions, which can implement the atmospheric photochemical mechanism (full O3–NOx–volatile organic compound chemistry) coupled with a CFD model. Additionally, the model, including the photochemical mechanism (CS07A), air flow, and pollutant dispersion, has been validated and shows good agreement with SAPRC modeling and wind tunnel experimental data, indicating that APFoam has sufficient ability to study urban turbulence and pollutant dispersion characteristics. By applying APFoam, O3–NOx–volatile organic compound (VOC) formation processes and dispersion of the reactive pollutants were analyzed in an example of a typical street canyon (aspect ratio H/W=1). The comparison of chemistry mechanisms shows that O3 and NO2 are underestimated, while NO is overestimated if the VOC reactions are not considered in the simulation. Moreover, model sensitivity cases reveal that 82 %–98 % and 75 %–90 % of NO and NO2, respectively, are related to the local vehicle emissions, which is verified as the dominant contributor to local reactive pollutant concentration in contrast to background conditions. In addition, a large amount of NOx emissions, especially NO, is beneficial to the reduction of O3 concentrations since NO consumes O3. Background precursors (NOx/VOCs) from boundary conditions only contribute 2 %–16 % and 12 %–24 % of NO and NO2 concentrations and raise O3 concentrations by 5 %–9 %. Weaker ventilation conditions could lead to the accumulation of NOx and consequently a higher NOx concentration but lower O3 concentration due to the stronger NO titration effect, which would consume O3. Furthermore, in order to reduce the reactive pollutant concentrations under the odd–even license plate policy (reduce 50 % of the total vehicle emissions), vehicle VOC emissions should be reduced by at least another 30 % to effectively lower O3, NO, and NO2 concentrations at the same time. These results indicate that the examination of the precursors (NOx and VOCs) from both traffic emissions and background boundaries is the key point for understanding O3–NOx–VOCs chemistry mechanisms better in street canyons and providing effective guidelines for the control of local street air pollution.

Pilot plant plasma-catalytic system for the decomposition of a volatile organic compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Shreedhar Devkota ◽  
◽  
Jin Oh Jo ◽  
Dong Lyong Jang ◽  
Young Jin Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals A MEMS µ-Preconcentrator Employing a Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane for Highly Volatile Organic Compound Sampling

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Hung-Yang Kuo ◽  
Wei-Riu Cheng ◽  
Tzu-Heng Wu ◽  
Horn-Jiunn Sheen ◽  
Chih-Chia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Carbon Molecular Sieve ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks ◽  
Gaseous Toluene

This paper presents the synthesis and evaluation of a carbon molecular sieve membrane (CMSM) grown inside a MEMS-fabricated μ-preconcentrator for sampling highly volatile organic compounds. An array of µ-pillars measuring 100 µm in diameter and 250 µm in height were fabricated inside a microfluidic channel to increase the attaching surface for the CMSM. The surface area of the CMSM was measured as high as 899 m2/g. A GC peak amplification factor >2 × 104 was demonstrated with gaseous ethyl acetate. Up to 1.4 L of gaseous ethanol at the 100 ppb level could be concentrated without exceeding the capacity of this microchip device. Sharp desorption chromatographic peaks (<3.5 s) were obtained while using this device directly as a GC injector. Less volatile compounds such as gaseous toluene, m-xylene, and mesitylene appeared to be adsorbed strongly on CMSM, showing a memory effect. Sampling parameters such as sample volatilities, sampling capacities, and compound residual issues were empirically determined and discussed.

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