Arctic Permafrost Active Layer Detachments Stimulate Microbial Activity and Degradation of Soil Organic Matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 4076-4082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent G. Pautler ◽  
André J. Simpson ◽  
David J. Mcnally ◽  
Scott F. Lamoureux ◽  
Myrna J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Active Layer

scholarly journals CO2-C losses and carbon quality of selected Maritime Antarctic soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vanir De Souza Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo De Sá Mendonça ◽  
Newton La Scala ◽  
César Reis ◽  
Efrain Lázaro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Humification Degree

AbstractPolar Regions are the most important soil carbon reservoirs on Earth. Monitoring soil carbon storage in a changing global climate context may indicate possible effects of climate change on terrestrial environments. In this regard, we need to understand the dynamics of soil organic matter in relation to its chemical characteristics. We evaluated the influence of chemical characteristics of humic substances on the process of soil organic matter mineralization in selected Maritime Antarctic soils. A laboratory assay was carried out with soils from five locations from King George Island. We determined the contents of total organic carbon, oxidizable carbon fractions of soil organic matter, and humic substances. Two in situ field experiments were carried out during two summers, in order to evaluate the CO2-C emissions in relation to soil temperature variations. The overall low amounts of soil organic matter in Maritime Antarctic soils have a low humification degree and reduced microbial activity. CO2-C emissions showed significant exponential relationship with temperature, suggesting a sharp increase in CO2-C emissions with a warming scenario, and Q10 values (the percentage increase in emission for a 10°C increase in soil temperature) were higher than values reported from elsewhere. The sensitivity of the CO2-C emission in relation to temperature was significantly correlated with the humification degree of soil organic matter and microbial activity for Antarctic soils.

Salinity affects microbial activity and soil organic matter content in tidal wetlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ember M. Morrissey ◽  
Jaimie L. Gillespie ◽  
Joseph C. Morina ◽  
Rima B. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

scholarly journals The Relationship between Winter Temperature Rise and Soil Fertility properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S8599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Guoju ◽  
Zhang Qiang ◽  
Bi Jiangtao ◽  
Zhang Fengju ◽  
Luo Chengke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

The effects of winter temperature rises on soil microbial activity, nutrient and salinity in Ningxia Plain were studied in a field experiment using an infrared radiator to raise temperatures. Winter temperature rises led to increases in soil organic matter, available phosphorus, soil pH and total salt content, but decreased the available nitrogen in soil and the activities of soil catalase, urease and phosphatase. With a winter temperature of 0.5 °C-2.0 °C, the activities of soil catalase, urease and phosphatase were respectively decreased by 0.08-1.20 mL g-1, 0.004-0.019 mg g-1, and 0.10-0.25 mg kg-1; soil organic matter was increased by 0.01-0.62 g kg-1, available nitrogen decreased by 2.45-4.66 g kg-1, available phosphorus increased by 2.92-5.74 g kg-1; soil pH increased by 0.42-0.67, and total salt increased by 0.39-0.50 g kg-1. Winter temperature rises decreased soil microbial activity, accelerated the decomposition of soil nutrients, and intensified soil salinization.

Soil texture mediated microbial activity affects the transfer of litter-derived carbon to soil organic matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Angst ◽  
Jan Pokorný ◽  
Travis Meador ◽  
Tomáš Hajek ◽  
Jan Frouz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Formation

<p>Knowledge about the nexus between litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation is still scarce, likely because litter decomposition studies are often conducted in the absence of mineral soil. Even if mineral soil is considered, variations in soil texture, which should substantially influence decomposition and soil C sequestration via, e.g., different capacities to store C or host microbial communities, have been neglected. Here, we examined the effect of soil texture on litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation by incubating sand- and clay-rich soils. These soils, taken under C3 vegetation, were amended with C4 litter to trace the fate of organic matter newly entering the soil. While we found only small amounts of litter-derived carbon (C) in the mineral soils after our six-month experiment, the microbial activity and amount of remaining litter between the sand- and clay-rich soils substantially differed. A high microbial activity combined with higher amounts of litter-derived C and a higher remaining litter mass in the clay-rich soil indicate a more effective transformation of litter to soil organic matter as compared to the sand-rich soil. In the sand-rich soil, microbial activity was lower, less soil C was litter-derived, and the litter lost more of its mass. We explain the apparently contradictory results of higher microbial activity and concurrently higher C contents with a more effective microbial pathway of SOM formation in the clay-rich soil. Our results indicate that soil texture does not only play a role in the provision of reactive surfaces for the stabilization of C but will also affect the decomposition of litter via effects on microbial activity, ultimately determining if litter C is transferred to the soil or respired to the atmosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Short-term dynamics of soil organic matter fractions and microbial activity in smallholder potato-legume intercropping systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack O. Nyawade ◽  
Nancy N. Karanja ◽  
Charles K.K. Gachene ◽  
Harun I. Gitari ◽  
Elmar Schulte-Geldermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Biochar amendment altered the molecular-level composition of native soil organic matter in a temperate forest soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry J. Mitchell ◽  
André J. Simpson ◽  
Ronald Soong ◽  
Myrna J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Environmental contextBiochar amendment in soil can sequester carbon but may also stimulate microbial activity, potentially enhancing soil organic matter degradation. We incubated biochar in a temperate forest soil and characterised the soil organic matter composition using molecular-level biomarker and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Biochar amendment altered the native soil organic matter composition and decreased the concentration of easily degradable soil organic matter components. AbstractBiochar amendment in soil can sequester carbon and improve soil water and nutrient retention, fertility and plant productivity. However, biochar may stimulate microbial activity, leading to priming or accelerated soil organic matter (OM) degradation, which could alter the native soil OM molecular composition. To investigate this, we amended sugar maple wood biochar (pyrolysed at 500°C) at four concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20 metric tons per hectare) in a temperate forest soil for 32 weeks. Solvent extraction and CuO oxidation were used to characterise free compounds and lignin-derived phenols respectively at 8 week intervals, while base hydrolysis was used to examine plant wax, cutin and suberin components at the end of the incubation. Stimulated soil microbial activity following an adaptation period (16 weeks) resulted in increased inputs of microbial- and plant-derived soil OM components including solvent-extractable short-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanoic acids, long-chain n-alkanes and n-alkanols, and sugars. Degradation parameters for base-hydrolysable cutin- and suberin-derived compounds did not show any significant degradation of these plant biopolymers. Analysis of lignin-derived phenols revealed lower concentrations of extractable phenols and progressive oxidation of syringyl and vanillyl phenols at higher biochar application rates over time. Solution-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of base-extractable soil OM after 32 weeks showed a decrease in the proportion of labile OM components such as carbohydrates and peptides and a relative increase in more recalcitrant polymethylene OM constituents in the amended soils. The biochar-mediated shifts in soil OM composition and reduction in labile carbon may reduce soil fertility in biochar-amended systems with long-term amendment.

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