Application of Photo-Fenton as a Tertiary Treatment of Emerging Contaminants in Municipal Wastewater.

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Klamerth ◽  
S. Malato ◽  
M. I. Maldonado ◽  
A. Agüera ◽  
A. R. Fernández-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tertiary Treatment

Costs of tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater by rapid sand filter with coagulants and UV

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heinonen-Tanski ◽  
P. Juntunen ◽  
R. Rajala ◽  
E. Haume ◽  
A. Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Microbial Groups

Municipal treated wastewater has been tertiary treated in a pilot-scale rapid sand filter. The filtration process was improved by using polyaluminium coagulants. The sand-filtered water was further treated with one or two UV reactors. The quality changes of wastewater were measured with transmittance, total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and somatic coliphages, FRNA-coliphages, FC, enterococci and fecal clostridia. Sand filtration alone without coagulants improved slightly some physico-chemical parameters and it had almost no effect on content of microorganisms. If coagulants were used, the filtration was more effective. The reductions were 88-98% for microbial groups and 80% for total phosphorus. The wastewater would meet the requirements for bathing waters (2,000 FC/100 ml, EU, 1976). UV further improved the hygiene level; this type of treated wastewater could be used for unrestricted irrigation (2.2 TC/100 ml, US.EPA 1992). The improvement was better if coagulants were used. The price for tertiary treatment (filtration + UV) would have been 0.036 Euro/m3 according to prices in 2001 in 22 Mm3/a. The investment cost needed for the filtration unit was 0.020 Euro/m3 (6%/15a). Filtration with coagulants is recommended in spite of its costs, since the low transmittance of unfiltered wastewater impairs the efficiency of the UV treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microplastics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Tertiary Treatment: Removal Efficiencies and Loading per Day into the Environment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Javier Bayo ◽  
Sonia Olmos ◽  
Joaquín López-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Wastewater Samples

This study investigates the removal of microplastics from wastewater in an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Southeast Spain, including an oxidation ditch, rapid sand filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection. A total of 146.73 L of wastewater samples from influent and effluent were processed, following a density separation methodology, visual classification under a stereomicroscope, and FTIR analysis for polymer identification. Microplastics proved to be 72.41% of total microparticles collected, with a global removal rate of 64.26% after the tertiary treatment and within the average retention for European WWTPs. Three different shapes were identified: i.e., microfiber (79.65%), film (11.26%), and fragment (9.09%), without the identification of microbeads despite the proximity to a plastic compounding factory. Fibers were less efficiently removed (56.16%) than particulate microplastics (90.03%), suggesting that tertiary treatments clearly discriminate between forms, and reporting a daily emission of 1.6 × 107 microplastics to the environment. Year variability in microplastic burden was cushioned at the effluent, reporting a stable performance of the sewage plant. Eight different polymer families were identified, LDPE film being the most abundant form, with 10 different colors and sizes mainly between 1–2 mm. Future efforts should be dedicated to source control, plastic waste management, improvement of legislation, and specific microplastic-targeted treatment units, especially for microfiber removal.

Introduction to Conventional Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Limitations and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

The rapid growth of the industries and population leads to increasing generation of industrial and municipal wastewater. This wastewater threatens directly or indirectly the human health and industrial processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid, simple, eco-friendly, effective, and efficient method for eliminating pollutants from industrial and municipal wastewater. The wastewater treatment aims to remove pollutants including particles, organic/inorganic substances, and pathogenic microorganisms, and finally returned to the cycle. This chapter presents a brief introduction to the issue associated with municipal and industrial wastewater. Also, this chapter presents detailed information about the conventional wastewater treatment methods. Specifically, it discusses the steps involved in the wastewater treatment viz. primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.

scholarly journals Removal of Enteric Pathogens from Real Wastewater Using Single and Catalytic Ozonation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Gomes ◽  
Danilo Frasson ◽  
Rosa Quinta-Ferreira ◽  
Ana Matos ◽  
Rui Martins
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rock ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Water scarcity is one of the main problems of this century. Water reclamation appears as an alternative due to the reuse of treated wastewater. Therefore, effluents treatment technologies (activated sludge, rotary biological discs, percolating beds) must be improved since they are not able to remove emerging contaminants such as enteric pathogens (bacteria and virus). These pollutants are difficult to remove from the wastewater and lead to adverse consequences to human health. Advanced oxidation processes, such as single and catalytic ozonation, appear as suitable complements to conventional processes. Catalytic ozonation was carried out using a low-cost material, a volcanic rock. Single and catalytic ozonation were capable of promoting total Escherichia coli removal from municipal wastewater after 90 min of contact. The presence of volcanic rock increases disinfection efficiency since E. coli regrowth was not observed. The identified viruses (Norovirus genotype I and II and JC virus) were completely removed using catalytic ozonation, whereas single ozonation was not able to eliminate JC virus even after 150 min of treatment. The higher performance of the catalytic process can be explained by the formation of hydroxyl radicals, proving that disinfection occurs in the liquid bulk and not due to adsorption at the volcanic rock.

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