Disinfection Byproduct Formation and Fractionation Behavior of Natural Organic Matter Surrogates

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (15) ◽  
pp. 5982-5989 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bond ◽  
O. Henriet ◽  
E. H. Goslan ◽  
S. A. Parsons ◽  
B. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Byproduct Formation

Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Osei B. Ackerson ◽  
Alexis H. Killinger ◽  
Hannah K. Liberatore ◽  
Thomas A. Ternes ◽  
Michael J. Plewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Byproduct Formation

Disinfection byproduct formation in reverse-osmosis concentrated and lyophilized natural organic matter from a drinking water source

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 5343-5354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Pressman ◽  
Daniel L. McCurry ◽  
Shahid Parvez ◽  
Glenn E. Rice ◽  
Linda K. Teuschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Byproduct Formation

Effects of metal ions on disinfection byproduct formation during chlorination of natural organic matter and surrogates

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Hong-wei Yang ◽  
Shi-ting Liu ◽  
Shun Tang ◽  
Xiao-mao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Byproduct Formation

Solar photocatalysis with modified TiO2 photocatalysts: effects on NOM and disinfection byproduct formation potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1361-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gora ◽  
Aleksandra Sokolowski ◽  
Melisa Hatat-Fraile ◽  
Robert Liang ◽  
Y. Norman Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Water ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Solar Photocatalysis ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Light Utilization ◽  
Byproduct Formation

The overall reactivity of natural organic matter from river water towards chlorine was increased by solar TiO2 treatment with TiO2 nanomaterials modified with nitrogen, boron, or silver to improve their solar light utilization.

scholarly journals Degradation and transformation of natural organic matter accountable for disinfection byproduct formations by UV photolysis and UV/chlor(am)ine

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanathip Hirun-Utok ◽  
Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Uv Photolysis ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Vacuum Uv ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract This research aimed to investigate the degradation of natural organic matter responsible for the formation of trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitrile (HAN) during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and a co-exposure of UV with chlorine (UV/chlorine) and chloramine (UV/chloramine). Low pressure UV (LPUV) and vacuum UV (VUV) lamps were used for photolysis. VUV and LPUV irradiation changed aromatic/unsaturated structures to aliphatic ones, resulting in decreased THM and HAN formation. Following irradiation for 60 min, LPUV decreased THM and HAN by 16% ± 2% and 20% ± 6%, respectively. VUV decreased THM and HAN formation by 23% ± 3% and 20% ± 8%, respectively. HAA formation increased following photolysis. UV/chlorine treatment decreased THM, HAA and HAN. Higher chlorine doses had an inversely proportional relationship with THM and HAN formation. A chlorine dose of 4 mg·L−1 led to the greatest reductions, corresponding to 42% ± 2%, 10% ± 10% and 18% ± 6% for THM, HAA and HAN, respectively. UV/chloramine decreased the formation of THM more than UV/chlorine. With a chloramine dose of 4 mg·L−1, THM, HAA and HAN formation decreased by 74% ± 10%, 10% ± 10% and 11% ± 10%, respectively. This study showed the potential use of UV/chlor(am)ine for controlling the formation of THM, HAA and HAN.

scholarly journals DEET Degradation by Titanium Dioxide–Zeolite Nanocomposites: Effects of Aggregation State, Water Chemistry, and Natural Organic Matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchemongo B. Berté ◽  
Anthony S. Chen ◽  
Riya A. Mathew ◽  
Sheyda Shakiba ◽  
Stacey M. Louie
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Byproduct Formation ◽  
Partial Dissociation

Immobilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) facilitates their removal and reuse in water treatment applications. Composite materials of electrostatically-bound TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and zeolite particles have been proposed, but limited mechanistic studies are available on their performance in complex media. This study delineates the relative importance of homo- and heteroaggregation, water chemistry, and surface fouling by natural organic matter (NOM) on the photocatalytic degradation of diethyltoluamide (DEET) by TiO<sub>2</sub>-zeolite composites. Zeolite adsorbs a portion of the DEET, rendering it unavailable for degradation; corrections for this adsorption depletion allowed appropriate comparison of the reactivity of the composites to the NPs alone. The TiO<sub>2</sub>-zeolite composites showed enhanced DEET degradation in moderately hard water (MHW) compared to deionized water (DIW), likely attributable to the influence of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, whereas a net decline in reactivity was observed for the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs alone upon homoaggregation in MHW. The composites also better maintained reactivity in the presence of NOM in MHW, as removal of Ca<sup>2+</sup> onto the zeolite mitigated fouling of the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface by NOM. However, NOM induced partial dissociation of the composites. DEET byproduct formation, identified by quadrupole–time of flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry, was generally unaffected by the zeolite, while NOM fouling favored de-ethylation over hydroxylation products. Overall, the most significant factor influencing TiO<sub>2</sub> reactivity toward DEET was NOM adsorption, followed by homoaggregation, electrolytes (here, MHW versus DIW), and heteroaggregation. These findings can inform a better understanding of NP reactivity in engineered water treatment applications.

Comparison of disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from different UV technologies at bench scale

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
S.A. Andrews ◽  
J.R. Bolton ◽  
K.G. Linden ◽  
C. Sharpless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
As Effects

The impact of UV irradiation on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation was investigated for low pressure, medium pressure and pulsed UV technologies using a broad range of UV doses. Four classes of DBPs (THMs, HAAs, aldehydes and carboxylic acids) were examined. This enabled the determination of effects resulting from the direct action of UV irradiation on natural organic matter (aldehydes, carboxylic acids) as well as effects on the ultimate formation of chlorinated DBPs (THMs and HAAs) from secondary chlorination. For doses of less than 1,000 mJ/cm2, UV irradiation did not affect THM and HAA formation in subsequent chlorination processes, however higher UV doses resulted in lower ultimate concentrations of THMs and HAAs. UV irradiation also resulted in the formation of aldehydes and carboxylic acids at UV doses above 500 mJ/cm2, compounds that are known to adversely effect drinking water biostability.

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