Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Export Across the Soil/Stream Interface and Its Fate in a Boreal Headwater Stream

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (19) ◽  
pp. 7364-7369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats G. Öquist ◽  
Marcus Wallin ◽  
Jan Seibert ◽  
Kevin Bishop ◽  
Hjalmar Laudon
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Stream Interface

scholarly journals Groundwater data improve modelling of headwater stream CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing with a stable DIC isotope approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marx ◽  
Marcus Conrad ◽  
Vadym Aizinger ◽  
Alexander Prechtel ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Transfer Velocity ◽  
Outgassing Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. A large portion of terrestrially-derived carbon outgasses as carbon dioxide (CO2) from streams and rivers to the atmosphere. Particularly, the amount of CO2 outgassing from small headwater streams was indicated as highly uncertain. Conservative estimates suggest that they contribute 36 % (i.e., 0.93 petagrams C yr−1) of total CO2 outgassing from all rivers and streams worldwide. In this study, stream pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC data were used to determine CO2 outgassing from an acidic headwater stream in the Uhlirska catchment (Czech Republic). This stream drains a catchment with silicate bedrock. The applied stable isotope model is based on the principle, that the 13C / 12C ratio of its sources and the intensity of CO2 outgassing control the isotope ratio of DIC in stream water. It avoids the use of the gas transfer velocity parameter (k) that is highly variable and mostly difficult to constrain. Model results indicate that CO2 outgassing contributed 80 % to the annual stream inorganic carbon loss in the Uhlirska catchment. This translated to a CO2 outgassing rate from the stream of 5.2 t C yr−1 and to 2.9 g C m−2 yr−1, when normalised to the catchment area. Large temporal variations with maximum values during spring snowmelt and summer emphasise the need for investigations at higher temporal resolution. We improved the model uncertainty by incorporating groundwater data to better constrain the isotope compositions of initial DIC. Due to the large global abundance of acidic, humic-rich headwaters, we underline the importance of this integral approach for global applications.

Responses of water yield and dissolved inorganic carbon export to forest recovery in the Houzhai karst basin, southwest China

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2082-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Yan ◽  
Wantong Wang ◽  
Chuanyan Zhou ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Shijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Carbon Export

scholarly journals Estimating the Surface Area of Small Rivers in the Southwestern Amazon and Their Role in CO2 Outgassing

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima F. L. Rasera ◽  
Maria Victoria R. Ballester ◽  
Alex V. Krusche ◽  
Cleber Salimon ◽  
Letícia A. Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
River Network ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Recent Estimate

Abstract A recent estimate of CO2 outgassing from Amazonian wetlands suggests that an order of magnitude more CO2 leaves rivers through gas exchange with the atmosphere than is exported to the ocean as organic plus inorganic carbon. However, the contribution of smaller rivers is still poorly understood, mainly because of limitations in mapping their spatial extent. Considering that the largest extension of the Amazon River network is composed of small rivers, the authors’ objective was to elucidate their role in air–water CO2 exchange by developing a geographic information system (GIS)-based model to calculate the surface area covered by rivers with channels less than 100 m wide, combined with estimated CO2 outgassing rates at the Ji-Paraná River basin, in the western Amazon. Estimated CO2 outgassing was the main carbon export pathway for this river basin, totaling 289 Gg C yr−1, about 2.4 times the amount of carbon exported as dissolved inorganic carbon (121 Gg C yr−1) and 1.6 times the dissolved organic carbon export (185 Gg C yr−1). The relationships established here between drainage area and channel width provide a new model for determining small river surface area, allowing regional extrapolations of air–water gas exchange. Applying this model to the entire Amazon River network of channels less than 100 m wide (third to fifth order), the authors calculate that the surface area of small rivers is 0.3 ± 0.05 million km2, and it is potentially evading to the atmosphere 170 ± 42 Tg C yr−1 as CO2. Therefore, these ecosystems play an important role in the regional carbon balance.

scholarly journals Dissolved inorganic carbon export from carbonate and silicate catchments estimated from carbonate chemistry and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1799-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Shin ◽  
G. S. Chung ◽  
D. Lee ◽  
K. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Carbonate Catchment ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Abstract. We investigated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) exchange associated with groundwater discharge and stream flow from two upstream catchments with distinct basement lithology (silicate vs. carbonate). The effects of catchment lithology were evident in the spring waters showing lower δ13CDIC and alkalinity (−16.2 ± 2.7‰ and 0.09 ± 0.03 meq L−1, respectively) in the silicate and higher values (−9.7 ± 1.5‰ and 2.0 ± 0.2 meq L−1) in the carbonate catchment. The streams exhibited relatively high δ13CDIC values, −6.9 ± 1.6‰ and −7.8 ± 1.5‰, in silicate and carbonate catchments, respectively, indicating CO2 degassing during groundwater discharge and stream flow. The catchment lithology affected the pattern of DIC export. The CO2 degassing from stream and groundwater could be responsible for 8–55% of the total DIC export in the silicate catchment, whereas the proportion is comparatively low (0.4–5.6%) in the carbonate catchment. We emphasize the importance of dynamic carbon exchange occurring at headwater regions and its variability with catchment lithology for a more reliable carbon budget in river systems.

scholarly journals Dissolved inorganic carbon export from carbonate and silicate catchments estimated from carbonate chemistry and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2551-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Shin ◽  
G. S. Chung ◽  
D. Lee ◽  
K. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Carbonate Catchment ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Abstract. This work presents a study of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) exchange associated with groundwater discharge and stream flow from two upstream catchments with distinct basement lithologies (silicate vs. carbonate). The effects of catchment lithology were evident in the spring waters showing lower δ13CDIC and alkalinity (−16.2 ± 2.7 ‰ and 0.09 ± 0.03 meq l−1, respectively) in the silicate and higher values (−9.7 ± 1.5 ‰ and 2.0 ± 0.2 meq l−1) in the carbonate catchment. The streams exhibited relatively high δ13CDIC, −6.9 ± 1.6 ‰ and −7.8 ± 1.5 ‰, in silicate and carbonate catchments, respectively, indicating CO2 degassing during groundwater discharge and stream flow. The catchment lithology affected the pattern of DIC export. The CO2 degassing from stream and groundwater could be responsible for 8–55 % of the total DIC export in the silicate catchment, whereas the proportion is comparatively low (0.4–5.6 %) in the carbonate catchment. Therefore, the dynamic carbon exchange occurring at headwater regions and its possible variability with catchment lithology need to be examined for a more reliable carbon budget in river systems.

scholarly journals Robotic observations of high wintertime carbon export in California coastal waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3109-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. B. Bishop ◽  
Michael B. Fong ◽  
Todd J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Mesopelagic Zone

Abstract. Biologically mediated particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC) export from surface waters is the principal determinant of the vertical oceanic distribution of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon and thus sets the conditions for air–sea exchange of CO2; exported organic matter also provides the energy fueling communities in the mesopelagic zone. However, observations are temporally and spatially sparse. Here we report the first hourly-resolved optically quantified POC and PIC sedimentation rate time series from an autonomous Lagrangian Carbon Flux Explorer (CFE), which monitored particle flux using an imaging optical sedimentation recorder (OSR) at depths below 140 m in the Santa Cruz Basin, CA, in May 2012, and in January and March 2013. Highest POC vertical flux ( ∼  100–240 mmol C m−2 d−1) occurred in January, when most settling material was millimeter- to centimeter-sized aggregates but when surface biomass was low; fluxes were  ∼  18 and  ∼  6 mmol C m−2 d−1, respectively, in March and May, under high surface biomass conditions. An unexpected discovery was that January 2013 fluxes measured by CFE were 20 times higher than that measured by simultaneously deployed surface-tethered OSR; multiple lines of evidence indicate strong undersampling of aggregates larger than 1 mm in the latter case. Furthermore, the January 2013 CFE fluxes were about 10 times higher than observed during multiyear sediment trap observations in the nearby Santa Barbara and San Pedro basins. The strength of carbon export in biologically dynamic California coastal waters is likely underestimated by at least a factor of 3 and at times by a factor of 20.

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