Measurements of Oxalic Acid, Oxalates, Malonic Acid, and Malonates in Atmospheric Particulates

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (24) ◽  
pp. 9268-9275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Yang ◽  
Liya E. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Particulates

Darstellung, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalysen der Dioxoosmate(VI) trans-[OsO2(CN)2(ox)]2-, transs-[OsO2(CN)2(mal)]2- und trans-[OsO2(CN)2(N2H2C2O2)]2- / Synthesis, Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of the Dioxoosmates(VI) frans-[OsO2(CN)2(ox)]2- , trans-[OsO2 (CN)2(mal)]2- and trans-[OsO2 (CN)2(N2H2C2O2)]2-

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1116-1121
Author(s):  
A. Strueß ◽  
W. Preetz
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Vibrational Spectra ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Coordinate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir And Raman

By careful acidification of the aqueous solution of trans-K2[OsO2(OH)4] in the presence of the required amount of cyanide ions with oxalic acid, malonic acid or oxamide the osmyl complexes trans-[OsO2(CN)2(ox)]2- (1), trans-[OsO2(CN)2(mal)]2- (2) und trans-[OsO2(CN)2(N2H2C2O2)]2- (3) are formed. The IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu4N) and (Et4N) salts of 1, 2 und 3 were measured at room temperature. Based on the molecular parameters of the X-ray determination of related complexes normal coordinate analyses have been performed and the vibrations were assigned. The valence force constants are fd(C≡N ) = 16.95, fd(Os=O) = 6.68 - 6.70, fd(Os-O) = 2.55 - 2.60, fd(Os-C) = 2.55 and fd(Os-N) = 2.30 mdyn/Å. For the chelate ligands, fd(C =0) ranges from 11.03 - 11.15, fd(C-O/N) from 4.86 - 5.05 and fd(C-C) from 4.07 - 4.70 mdyn/Å.

scholarly journals Hygroscopic behavior of multicomponent organic aerosols and their internal mixtures with ammonium sulfate

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 23357-23405 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jing ◽  
S. R. Tong ◽  
Q. F. Liu ◽  
K. Li ◽  
W. G. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Hygroscopic Behavior

Abstract. Water soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) are important components of organics in the atmospheric fine particulate matter. Although WSOCs play an important role in the hygroscopicity of aerosols, water uptake behavior of internally mixed WSOC aerosols remains limited characterization. Here, the hygroscopic properties of single component such as levoglucosan, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and phthalic acid and multicomponent WSOC aerosols mainly involving oxalic acid are investigated with the hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). The coexisting hygroscopic species including levoglucosan, malonic acid and phthalic acid have strong influence on the hygroscopic growth and phase behavior of oxalic acid, even suppress its crystallization completely. The interactions between oxalic acid and levoglucosan are confirmed by infrared spectra. The discrepancies between measured growth factors and predictions from Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM) with UNIFAC method and Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR) approach increase at medium and high relative humidity (RH) assuming oxalic acid in a solid state. For the internal mixture of oxalic acid with levoglucosan or succinic acid, there is enhanced water uptake at high RH due to positive chemical interactions between solutes. Organic mixture has more complex effect on the hygroscopicity of ammonium sulfate than single species. Although hygroscopic species such as levoglucosan accounts for a small fraction in the multicomponent aerosols, they may still strongly influence the hygroscopic behavior of ammonium sulfate by changing phase state of oxalic acid which plays the role of "intermediate" species. Considering the abundance of oxalic acid in the atmospheric aerosols, its mixtures with hygroscopic species may significantly promote water uptake under high RH conditions and thus affect the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity, optical properties and chemical reactivity of atmospheric particles.

scholarly journals Hygroscopic behavior of multicomponent organic aerosols and their internal mixtures with ammonium sulfate

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 4101-4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jing ◽  
Shengrui Tong ◽  
Qifan Liu ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Weigang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Hygroscopic Behavior

Abstract. Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) are important components of organics in the atmospheric fine particulate matter. Although WSOCs play an important role in the hygroscopicity of aerosols, knowledge on the water uptake behavior of internally mixed WSOC aerosols remains limited. Here, the hygroscopic properties of single components such as levoglucosan, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, and multicomponent WSOC aerosols mainly involving oxalic acid are investigated with the hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA). The coexisting hygroscopic species including levoglucosan, malonic acid, and phthalic acid have a strong influence on the hygroscopic growth and phase behavior of oxalic acid, even suppressing its crystallization completely during the drying process. The phase behaviors of oxalic acid/levoglucosan mixed particles are confirmed by infrared spectra. The discrepancies between measured growth factors and predictions from Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM) with the Universal Quasi-Chemical Functional Group Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) method and Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR) approach increase at medium and high relative humidity (RH) assuming oxalic acid in a crystalline solid state. For the internal mixture of oxalic acid with levoglucosan or succinic acid, there is enhanced water uptake at high RH compared to the model predictions based on reasonable oxalic acid phase assumption. Organic mixture has more complex effects on the hygroscopicity of ammonium sulfate than single species. Although hygroscopic species such as levoglucosan account for a small fraction in the multicomponent aerosols, they may still strongly influence the hygroscopic behavior of ammonium sulfate by changing the phase state of oxalic acid which plays the role of "intermediate" species. Considering the abundance of oxalic acid in the atmospheric aerosols, its mixtures with hygroscopic species may significantly promote water uptake under high RH conditions and thus affect the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity, optical properties, and chemical reactivity of atmospheric particles.

Ce4+−Malonic Acid Reaction in the Presence of O2. Reaction Channels Leading to Tartronic and Oxalic Acid Intermediates

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (44) ◽  
pp. 9914-9920 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Hegedüs ◽  
Horst-Dieter Försterling ◽  
Mária Wittmann ◽  
Zoltán Noszticzius
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Reaction Channels ◽  
Acid Reaction

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Mineralization of Organic Acids over Visible-Light-Driven Au/BiVO4Photocatalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanlaya Pingmuang ◽  
Natda Wetchakun ◽  
Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon ◽  
Kontad Ounnunkad ◽  
Burapat Inceesungvorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Visible Light Driven ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Au/BiVO4visible-light-driven photocatalysts were synthesized by coprecipitation method in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a dispersant. Physical characterization of the obtained materials was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer, and Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area measurement. Photocatalytic performances of the as-prepared Au/BiVO4have also been evaluated via mineralizations of oxalic acid and malonic acid under visible light irradiation. XRD and SEM results indicated that Au/BiVO4photocatalysts were of almost spherical particles with scheelite-monoclinic phase. Photocatalytic results showed that all Au/BiVO4samples exhibited higher oxalic acid mineralization rate than that of pure BiVO4, probably due to a decrease of BiVO4band gap energy and the presence of surface plasmon absorption upon loading BiVO4with Au as evidenced from UV-Vis DRS results. The nominal Au loading amount of 0.25 mol% provided the highest pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0487 min−1and 0.0082 min−1for degradations of oxalic acid (C2) and malonic acid (C3), respectively. By considering structures of the two acids, lower pseudo-first-order rate constantly obtained in the case of malonic acid degradation was likely due to an increased complexity of the degradation mechanism of the longer chain acid.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

Pilot trials of hemicelluloses extraction prior to thermomechanical pulp production: Part 1

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL HOUTMAN ◽  
ERIC HORN
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Bisulfite Treatment ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Pulp Production ◽  
Production Part

Pilot data indicate that wood chip pretreatment with oxalic acid reduced the specific energy required to make thermomechanical pulp. A combined oxalic acid/bisulfite treatment resulted in 21% refiner energy savings and 13% increase in brightness for aspen. A low level of oxalic acid treatment was effective for spruce. Energy savings of 30% was observed with no significant change in strength properties. Adding bisulfite did not significantly increase the brightness of the spruce pulp. For pine, the optimum treatment was a moderate level of oxalic acid, which resulted in 34% energy savings and an increase in strength properties. For all of these treatments 1–3 w/w % carbohydrates were recovered, which can be fermented to produce ethanol. The extract sugar solution contained significant quantities of arabinose.

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