Serum Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Foam Recyclers and Carpet Installers Working in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 3453-3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Stapleton ◽  
Andreas Sjödin ◽  
Richard S. Jones ◽  
Sara Niehüser ◽  
Yalin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Have Risks Associated with the Presence of Synthetic Organic Contaminants in Land-Applied Sewage Sludges Been Adequately Assessed?

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hale ◽  
Mark J. La Guardia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
High Concentrations

Land application has become the dominant means for sewage sludge disposal in the United States. In 1993, the EPA concluded that synthetic organics therein posed an insignificant risk, based on the results of the 1988 National Sewage Sludge Survey, the view that most persistent organics are no longer in commerce and that industrial pretreatment further reduces their release to municipal treatment plants. However, we detected high concentrations of several problematic compounds in biosolids that were overlooked in the risk assessment, including persistent, bioaccumulative polybrominated diphenyl ethers and estrogenic nonylphenols. These results and other findings call into question the assessment's certainty.

Lifestyle and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk in the United States: A pilot study

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy S. LaKind ◽  
Cheston M. Berlin ◽  
Jennifer L. Stokes ◽  
Daniel Q. Naiman ◽  
Ian M. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in domestic indoor dust from Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Harrad ◽  
Catalina Ibarra ◽  
Miriam Diamond ◽  
Lisa Melymuk ◽  
Matthew Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Relative Immunogenicity of Commonly Allergenic Foods versus Rarely Allergenic and Nonallergenic Foods in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1988-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL BIRMINGHAM ◽  
SIRINART THANESVORAKUL ◽  
VENU GANGUR
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
First Time

Food allergies affect 6 to 8% of children and 2% of adults in the United States. For reasons that are not clear, eight types of food account for a vast majority (~90%) of food-induced hypersensitivity reactions. In this study, C57Bl/6 mice were used to test the hypothesis that commonly allergenic foods are intrinsically more immunogenic than rarely allergenic or nonallergenic foods in allergy-susceptible hosts. Groups of mice (n = 4 to 5) were injected intraperitoneally with the protein extracts (plus alum as an adjuvant) from chicken eggs, peanuts, almonds, filberts-hazelnuts, walnuts, soybeans, and wheat (commonly allergenic foods) and coffee, sweet potatoes, carrots, white potatoes, cherries, lettuce, and spinach (rarely allergenic and non-allergenic foods). Primary and secondary immune responses (as measured by specific IgG1 antibody serum levels) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proteins from peanuts, almonds, filberts, sweet potatoes, cherries, and spinach elicited robust primary and/or secondary immune responses. Proteins from eggs, walnuts, and lettuce elicited poor primary responses but significant secondary responses. In contrast, wheat, soybeans, coffee, carrots, and white potatoes elicited barely detectable to poor primary and secondary immune responses. The order of the immunogenicity levels of these foods in mice is as follows: almonds = filberts > spinach (Rubisco) > peanuts ≥ sweet potatoes > cherries > lettuce > walnuts > chicken eggs > carrots ≥ white potatoes > wheat = coffee = soybeans. In summary, these data demonstrate for the first time that: (i) foods vary widely with regard to their relative immunogenicity in allergy-susceptible hosts and (ii) intrinsic immunogenicity in mice does not distinguish commonly allergenic foods from rarely allergenic or nonallergenic foods.

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