Ozone formation from nitrogen oxides (NOx) in clean air. Reply to comments

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 937-938
Author(s):  
William L. Chameides ◽  
Donald H. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Clean Air

Ozone formation from nitrogen oxides (NOx) in clean air. Comments

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 934-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dimitriades ◽  
M. C. Dodge ◽  
J. J. Bufalini ◽  
K. L. Demerjian ◽  
A. P. Altshuller
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Clean Air

Ozone formation from nitrogen oxides (NOx) in clean air. Comments

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 936-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Jeffries ◽  
M. Saeger
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Clean Air

Ozone formation from nitrogen oxides in "clean air"

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Chameides ◽  
Donald H. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Clean Air

scholarly journals Intrusion, retention, and snowpack chemical effects from exhaust emissions at Concordia Station, Antarctica

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev Helmig ◽  
Daniel Liptzin ◽  
Jacques Hueber ◽  
Joel Savarino
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Main Station

Abstract. Continuous measurements of reactive gases in the snowpack and above the snowpack surface were conducted at Concordia Station (Dome C), Antarctica, from December 2012–January 2014. Measured species included ozone, nitrogen oxides, gaseous elemental mercury, and formaldehyde, for study of photochemical reactions, surface exchange, and the seasonal cycles and atmospheric chemistry of these gases. The experiment was installed ~ 1 km from the main station infrastructure inside the station clean air sector and within the station electrical power grid boundary. Air was sampled continuously from three inlets on a 10 m meteorological tower, as well as from two above and four below the surface sampling inlets from within the snowpack. Despite being in the clean air sector, over the course of the 1.2-year study, we observed on the order of 15 occasions when exhaust plumes from the camp, most notably from the power generation system, were transported to the study site. Highly elevated levels of nitrogen oxides (up to 1000 x background) and lowered ozone (down to ~ 50 %), most likely from titration with nitric oxide, were measured in the exhaust plumes. Within 5–15 minutes from observing elevated pollutant levels above the snow, rapidly increasing and long-lasting concentration enhancements were measured in snowpack air. While pollution events typically lasted only a few minutes to an hour above the snow surface, elevated nitrogen oxides levels were observed in the snowpack lasting from a few days to one week. These observations add important new insight to the discussion of if and how snow-photochemical experiments within reach of the power grid of polar research sites are possibly compromised by the snowpack being chemically influenced (contaminated) by gaseous and particulate emissions from the research camp activities. This question is critical for evaluating if snowpack trace chemical measurements from within the camp boundaries are representative for the vast polar ice sheets.

The Application of Rubber in the Quantitative Determination of Ozone

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Bradley ◽  
A. J. Haagen-Smit
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Catalytic Action ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
High Ozone Concentration

Abstract A convenient rubber cracking test for ozone is described. This method serves not only as a rapid, positive means of identifying ozone in complex gas mixtures but also gives close approximation to the quantity present. Application of the method in determining ozone in heavy smog atmosphere is shown. The high ozone concentration in these tests is attributed to ozone formation under the catalytic action of nitrogen oxides and sunlight.

scholarly journals Impact of exhaust emissions on chemical snowpack composition at Concordia Station, Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev Helmig ◽  
Daniel Liptzin ◽  
Jacques Hueber ◽  
Joel Savarino
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Concentration Changes

Abstract. The chemistry of reactive gases inside the snowpack and in the lower atmosphere was investigated at Concordia Station (Dome C), Antarctica, from December 2012 to January 2014. Measured species included ozone, nitrogen oxides, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and formaldehyde, for study of photochemical reactions, surface exchange, and the seasonal cycles and atmospheric chemistry of these gases. The experiment was installed ≈1 km from the station main infrastructure inside the station clean air sector and within the station electrical power grid boundary. Ambient air was sampled continuously from inlets mounted above the surface on a 10 m meteorological tower. In addition, snowpack air was collected at 30 cm intervals to 1.2 m depth from two manifolds that had both above- and below-surface sampling inlets. Despite being in the clean air sector, over the course of the 1.2-year study, we observed on the order of 50 occasions when exhaust plumes from the camp, most notably from the power generation system, were transported to the study site. Continuous monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NOx) provided a measurement of a chemical tracer for exhaust plumes. Highly elevated levels of NOx (up to 1000 × background) and lowered ozone (down to ≈50 %), most likely from reaction of ozone with nitric oxide, were measured in air from above and within the snowpack. Within 5–15 min from observing elevated pollutant levels above the snow, rapidly increasing and long-lasting concentration enhancements were measured in snowpack air. While pollution events typically lasted only a few minutes to an hour above the snow surface, elevated NOx levels were observed in the snowpack lasting from a few days to ≈ 1 week. GEM and formaldehyde measurements were less sensitive and covered a shorter measurement period; neither of these species' data showed noticeable concentration changes during these events that were above the normal variability seen in the data. Nonetheless, the clarity of the NOx and ozone observations adds important new insight into the discussion of if and how snow photochemical experiments within reach of the power grid of polar research sites are possibly compromised by the snowpack being chemically influenced (contaminated) by gaseous and particulate emissions from the research camp activities. This question is critical for evaluating if snowpack trace chemical measurements from within the camp boundaries are representative for the vast polar ice sheets.

Ozone Formation in Photochemical Oxidation of Organic Substances

1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
A. J. Haagen-Smit ◽  
C. E. Bradley ◽  
M. M. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Peroxide Radical ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
Combustion Processes

Abstract The formation of ozone through photochemical oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and hydrocarbons, such as are present in gasoline, in the presence of small quantities of nitrogen oxides has been demonstrated. Ozone production without the addition of nitrogen oxides has been observed in the photochemical oxidation of biacetyl, bibutyryl, pyruvic acid, and butyl nitrite. The ozone produced in these reactions was identified by chemical and physical methods. The ozone formation is attributed to a peroxide radical chain reaction. The release of large quantities of hydrocarbons to the air and the simultaneous presence of nitrogen oxides from combustion processes explains the relatively high ozone content, and consequent severe rubber cracking, in the Los Angeles area. These findings should be considered in planning rubber storage facilities. In view of the irritating properties of the products formed by this photochemical oxidation, both hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides should be considered as potential irritants when they occur simultaneously in the air at low concentrations.

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