Economic air pollution control model for Los Angeles County in 1975-Part I

The gases comprising the atmosphere are in dynamic balance both with the oceans and the dry land of the continents. The mechanisms which operate to keep the atmospheric content of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and sulphur constant are now well defined. The capacity of the system to absorb excess gaseous impurities is adequate on a global basis with the exception of carbon dioxide.Air pollution is thus a local problem resulting from the overloading of a particular air space with contaminants. The greater part of air pollution is due to the combustion of fossil fuels. Ease of control and virtual freedom from sulphur give natural gas an advantage over liquid and solid fuels as far as air pollution control is concerned. Oxides of nitrogen are produced when natural gas is burned but in smaller quantities than in the combustion of other fuels. In high capacity industrial gas burners where oxides of nitrogen may be generated in large quantities control is easier and can achieve a lower level of oxides of nitrogen than is the case with other fuels.The large scale use of natural gas to solve the air pollution problems of Pittsburgh, Los Angeles and many other cities is proof of the usefulness of gas in this respect. Specialised applications include use in incinerators and industrial after burners. Advances in removal of impurities from fuels and of air pollutants from products of combustion combined with rising gas prices will in time displace gas from its preeminent position in air pollution control. It is, however, likely to retain its advantage in small installations and in dense urban areas. In public and private transport its use will probably remain limited.While technological developments in the distant future may eventually displace fossil fuels, gas will have a large share of the fuel market until that day comes and will contribute effectively to the control of air pollution.

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A Joint Control Model Based on Emission Rights Futures Trading for Regional Air Pollution That Accounts for the Impacts on Employment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11215894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 5894 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wang ◽

Zhao ◽

Yang ◽

Wang ◽

Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Control Model ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Control Mode ◽

Spot Price ◽

Joint Control ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Futures Trading ◽

Emission Rights

To reduce air pollutant control costs and solve the problem of decreased employment caused by air pollution control, we established a double-objective optimization Joint Control Model (JCM) based on emission rights futures trading. The JCM calculates the spot price of emission rights, classifies regions in the trading market for emission rights into buyers and sellers, and calculates the optimal cooperative pollution abatement quantity. Compared with a non-cooperative control mode, the JCM generated benefits of US$2485.19 × 106. We then used a Game Quadratic Programming (GQP) method to distribute the benefits, and applied the JCM to a case study of the abatement of sulfur dioxide in China’s Shanxi, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces. We found that: (i) Compared with a JCM that does not account for employment, employment under the JCM increased by 3.20 × 103 people, and the pollution control cost decreased by US$11.20 × 106 under the JCM that considered employment. The effect of the latter model is better than that of the former. (ii) Employment under the JCM increased by 18.80 × 104 people compared with that under a territorial control mode, reducing the cost by US$99.73 × 106. The JCM is helpful for all participating regions to balance environmental and livelihood issues in the process of air pollution control to achieve sustainable development.

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Optimization of an air pollution control model by linear programming

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers ◽

10.1080/02533839.1981.9676662 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Kuo‐Ming Wang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Linear Programming ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Control Model ◽

Air Pollution Control

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Two Cheers for Air Pollution Control: Triumphs and Limits of the Mid-Century Fight for Air Quality

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354919834598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Merlin Chowkwanyun

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Early Years ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Local Experience ◽

The Us ◽

Clean Air

This article analyzes the early years of 20th-century air pollution control in Los Angeles. In both scholarship and public memory, mid-century efforts at the regional level were overshadowed by major federal developments, namely the Clean Air Act and creation of the US Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. Yet the mid-century local experience was highly consequential and presaged many subsequent challenges that persist today. The article begins with an exploration of the existential, on-the-ground misery of smog in Los Angeles during the 1940s and 1950s. The article examines the role that scientific evidence on smog did and did not play in regulation, the reasons smog control galvanized support across various constituencies in the region, and, finally, some of mid-century air pollution’s limits.

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