Manganese-Cycling Microbial Communities Inside Deep-Sea Manganese Nodules

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 7692-7700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Blöthe ◽  
Anna Wegorzewski ◽  
Cornelia Müller ◽  
Frank Simon ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Manganese Nodules

Correction to Manganese-Cycling Microbial Communities Inside Deep-Sea Manganese Nodules

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (21) ◽  
pp. 13080-13080
Author(s):  
Marco Blöthe ◽  
Anna Wegorzewski ◽  
Cornelia Müller ◽  
Frank Simon ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Manganese Nodules

V.—Manganese in the Sea

1876 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Church
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Ample Supply

To the geologist, the mineralogist and the chemist, two of the observations made during the voyage of the Challenger are of especial interest. One of these observations is the occurrence over vast areas of the deep sea bottom of a peculiar red clay, containing silica, peroxide of iron, and alumina. The other discovery to which I refer has been described by Sir Wyville Thomson as the occurrence throughout this red clay of nodules of “nearly pure peroxide of manganese.” To these nodules, as well us to the red clay, an organic origin has been assigned. But the immediate source of so much manganese is hard to find, for this element is by no means an abundant constituent of animal or vegetable organisms. The difficulty is, however, somewhat lessened when the manganese nodules are submitted to a more minute chemical examination. From two correspondents I have received an ample supply of these curious concretions, accompanied by a suggestion that they should be submitted to chemical analysis.

scholarly journals Limitations of microbial hydrocarbon degradation at the Amon mud volcano (Nile deep-sea fan)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3269-3283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Felden ◽  
A. Lichtschlag ◽  
F. Wenzhöfer ◽  
D. de Beer ◽  
T. Feseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Central Dome ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport ◽  
Sea Fan ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

Abstract. The Amon mud volcano (MV), located at 1250 m water depth on the Nile deep-sea fan, is known for its active emission of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons into the hydrosphere. Previous investigations showed a low efficiency of hydrocarbon-degrading anaerobic microbial communities inhabiting the Amon MV center in the presence of sulfate and hydrocarbons in the seeping subsurface fluids. By comparing spatial and temporal patterns of in situ biogeochemical fluxes, temperature gradients, pore water composition, and microbial activities over 3 yr, we investigated why the activity of anaerobic hydrocarbon degraders can be low despite high energy supplies. We found that the central dome of the Amon MV, as well as a lateral mud flow at its base, showed signs of recent exposure of hot subsurface muds lacking active hydrocarbon degrading communities. In these highly disturbed areas, anaerobic degradation of methane was less than 2% of the methane flux. Rather high oxygen consumption rates compared to low sulfide production suggest a faster development of more rapidly growing aerobic hydrocarbon degraders in highly disturbed areas. In contrast, the more stabilized muds surrounding the central gas and fluid conduits hosted active anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities. The low microbial activity in the hydrocarbon-vented areas of Amon MV is thus a consequence of kinetic limitations by heat and mud expulsion, whereas most of the outer MV area is limited by hydrocarbon transport.

scholarly journals Deep sea sediments associated with cold seeps are a subsurface reservoir of viral diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexin Li ◽  
Donald Pan ◽  
Guangshan Wei ◽  
Weiling Pi ◽  
Jiang-Hai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Viral Diversity ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Subsurface Reservoir ◽  
Network Comparisons

AbstractIn marine ecosystems, viruses exert control on the composition and metabolism of microbial communities, thus influencing overall biogeochemical cycling. Deep sea sediments associated with cold seeps are known to host taxonomically diverse microbial communities, but little is known about viruses infecting these microorganisms. Here, we probed metagenomes from seven geographically diverse cold seeps across global oceans, to assess viral diversity, virus-host interaction, and virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). Gene-sharing network comparisons with viruses inhabiting other ecosystems reveal that cold seep sediments harbour considerable unexplored viral diversity. Most cold seep viruses display high degrees of endemism with seep fluid flux being one of the main drivers of viral community composition. In silico predictions linked 14.2% of the viruses to microbial host populations, with many belonging to poorly understood candidate bacterial and archaeal phyla. Lysis was predicted to be a predominant viral lifestyle based on lineage-specific virus/host abundance ratios. Metabolic predictions of prokaryotic host genomes and viral AMGs suggest that viruses influence microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation at cold seeps, as well as other carbon, sulfur and nitrogen cycling via virus-induced mortality and/or metabolic augmentation. Overall, these findings reveal the global diversity and biogeography of cold seep viruses and indicate how viruses may manipulate seep microbial ecology and biogeochemistry.

scholarly journals Sponge and coral communities of potential mineral resources in the deep-sea: An overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Molodtsova ◽  
Christopher Kelley ◽  
Lénaick Menot ◽  
Les Watling
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Hard Substrata

Depletion of commercially valuable minerals on land and increased need of such resources for modern electronics and manufacturing is attracting more and more attention to deep-sea mineral deposits such as cobalt crusts, manganese nodules, phosphorites, polymetallic sulfides and even deep-sea ooze. In a few years we expect intensive exploitation in the deep-sea. Being suspension feeders, corals and sponges associated with hard substrata in potential mining sites would be adversely impacted by deep-sea mining. Deep-sea corals and sponges are characterized by extremely slow growth rates and, as can be seen from fishery impacts, they may take decades to centuries to restore. At the same time, they serve as a substrate, shelter and food for a number of associated deep-sea organisms, thus increasing the cumulative impact of their loss. We summarize here the available data on coral and sponge communities of solid deep-sea ore deposits and possible mechanisms driving their diversity.

Effects of CO2 on deep-sea floor microbial communities

2005 ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
M SUGIMORI ◽  
K TAKEUCHI ◽  
S FURUKAWA ◽  
H ISHIDA ◽  
Y SHIRAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Floor

Studies on the dry chlorination of deep sea manganese nodules

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. R. Murthy ◽  
B. R. Reddy ◽  
G. N. Srinivasan ◽  
D. N. Dey ◽  
P. K. Jena
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Manganese Nodules
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