Soft Ionization Chemical Analysis of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Green Leaf Volatiles Emitted by Turf Grass

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 4835-4843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Jain ◽  
James Zahardis ◽  
Giuseppe A. Petrucci
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Soft Ionization ◽  
Turf Grass

scholarly journals Reactive oxidation products promote secondary organic aerosol formation from green leaf volatiles

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3921-3943
Author(s):  
J. F. Hamilton ◽  
A. C. Lewis ◽  
T. J. Carey ◽  
J. C. Wenger ◽  
E. Borrás i Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Atmospheric Oxidation ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Leaf Volatiles

Abstract. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are an important group of chemicals released by vegetation which have emission fluxes that can be significantly increased when plants are damaged or stressed. A series of simulation chamber experiments has been conducted at the European Photoreactor in Valencia, Spain, to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the atmospheric oxidation of the major GLVs cis-3-hexenylacetate and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry was used to identify chemical species present in the SOA. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol proved to be a more efficient SOA precursor due to the high reactivity of its first generation oxidation product, 3-hydroxypropanal, which can hydrate and undergo further reactions with other aldehydes resulting in SOA dominated by higher molecular weight oligomers. The lower SOA yields produced from cis-3-hexenylacetate are attributed to the acetate functionality, which inhibits oligomer formation in the particle phase. Based on observed SOA yields and best estimates of global emissions, these compounds may be calculated to be a substantial unidentified global source of SOA, contributing 1–5 TgC yr−1, equivalent to around a third of that predicted from isoprene. Molecular characterization of the SOA, combined with organic mechanistic information, has provided evidence that the formation of organic aerosols from GLVs is closely related to the reactivity of their first generation atmospheric oxidation products, and indicates that this may be a simple parameter that could be used in assessing the aerosol formation potential for other unstudied organic compounds in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Reactive oxidation products promote secondary organic aerosol formation from green leaf volatiles

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3815-3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hamilton ◽  
A. C. Lewis ◽  
T. J. Carey ◽  
J. C. Wenger ◽  
E. Borrás i Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Atmospheric Oxidation ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Leaf Volatiles

Abstract. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are an important group of chemicals released by vegetation which have emission fluxes that can be significantly increased when plants are damaged or stressed. A series of simulation chamber experiments has been conducted at the European Photoreactor in Valencia, Spain, to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the atmospheric oxidation of the major GLVs cis-3-hexenylacetate and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry was used to identify chemical species present in the SOA. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol proved to be a more efficient SOA precursor due to the high reactivity of its first generation oxidation product, 3-hydroxypropanal, which can hydrate and undergo further reactions with other aldehydes resulting in SOA dominated by higher molecular weight oligomers. The lower SOA yields produced from cis-3-hexenylacetate are attributed to the acetate functionality, which inhibits oligomer formation in the particle phase. Based on observed SOA yields and best estimates of global emissions, these compounds may be calculated to be a substantial unidentified global source of SOA, contributing 1–5 TgC yr−1, equivalent to around a third of that predicted from isoprene. Molecular characterization of the SOA, combined with organic mechanistic information, has provided evidence that the formation of organic aerosols from GLVs is closely related to the reactivity of their first generation atmospheric oxidation products, and indicates that this may be a simple parameter that could be used in assessing the aerosol formation potential for other unstudied organic compounds in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Characterization of polar organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol from the unsaturated aldehydes 2-<i>E</i>-pentenal, 2-<i>E</i>-hexenal, and 3-<i>Z</i>-hexenal

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 7135-7148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Safi Shalamzari ◽  
Reinhilde Vermeylen ◽  
Frank Blockhuys ◽  
Tadeusz E. Kleindienst ◽  
Michael Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Unsaturated Aldehydes

Abstract. We show in the present study that the unsaturated aldehydes 2-E-pentenal, 2-E-hexenal, and 3-Z-hexenal are biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) precursors for polar organosulfates with molecular weights (MWs) 230 and 214, which are also present in ambient fine aerosol from a forested site, i.e., K-puszta, Hungary. These results complement those obtained in a previous study showing that the green leaf aldehyde 3-Z-hexenal serves as a precursor for MW 226 organosulfates. Thus, in addition to isoprene, the green leaf volatiles (GLVs) 2-E-hexenal and 3-Z-hexenal, emitted due to plant stress (mechanical wounding or insect attack), and 2-E-pentenal, a photolysis product of 3-Z-hexenal, should be taken into account for secondary organic aerosol and organosulfate formation. Polar organosulfates are of climatic relevance because of their hydrophilic properties and cloud effects. Extensive use was made of organic mass spectrometry (MS) and detailed interpretation of MS data (i.e., ion trap MS and accurate mass measurements) to elucidate the chemical structures of the MW 230, 214 and 170 organosulfates formed from 2-E-pentenal and indirectly from 2-E-hexenal and 3-Z-hexenal. In addition, quantum chemical calculations were performed to explain the different mass spectral behavior of 2,3-dihydroxypentanoic acid sulfate derivatives, where only the isomer with the sulfate group at C-3 results in the loss of SO3. The MW 214 organosulfates formed from 2-E-pentenal are explained by epoxidation of the double bond in the gas phase and sulfation of the epoxy group with sulfuric acid in the particle phase through the same pathway as that proposed for 3-sulfooxy-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid from the isoprene-related α,β-unsaturated aldehyde methacrolein in previous work (Lin et al., 2013). The MW 230 organosulfates formed from 2-E-pentenal are tentatively explained by a novel pathway, which bears features of the latter pathway but introduces an additional hydroxyl group at the C-4 position. Evidence is also presented that the MW 214 positional isomer, 2-sulfooxy-3-hydroxypentanoic acid, is unstable and decarboxylates, giving rise to 1-sulfooxy-2-hydroxybutane, a MW 170 organosulfate. Furthermore, evidence is obtained that lactic acid sulfate is generated from 2-E-pentenal. This chemistry could be important on a regional and local scale where GLV emissions such as from grasses and cereal crops are substantial.

scholarly journals Characterization of polar organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol from the unsaturated aldehydes 2-<i>E</i>-pentenal, 2-<i>E</i>-hexenal, and 3-<i>Z</i>-hexenal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 29555-29590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Shalamzari ◽  
R. Vermeylen ◽  
F. Blockhuys ◽  
T. E. Kleindienst ◽  
M. Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Unsaturated Aldehydes

Abstract. We show in the present study that the unsaturated aldehydes, 2-E-pentenal, 2-E-hexenal and 3-Z-hexenal, are biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) precursors for polar organosulfates with molecular weights (MWs) 230 and 214, which are also present in ambient fine aerosol from a forested site, i.e., K-puszta, Hungary. These results complement those obtained in a previous study showing that the green leaf aldehyde 3-Z-hexenal serves as a precursor for MW 226 organosulfates. Thus, in addition to isoprene, the green leaf volatiles 2-E-hexenal and 3-Z-hexenal, emitted due to plant stress (mechanical wounding or insect attack), and 2-E-pentenal, a photolysis product of 3-Z-hexenal, should be taken into account for secondary organic aerosol and organosulfate formation. Polar organosulfates are of climatic relevance because of their hydrophilic properties and cloud effects. Extensive use was made of organic mass spectrometry (MS) and detailed interpretation of MS data (i.e., ion trap MS and accurate mass measurements) to elucidate the chemical structures of the MW 230, 214 and 170 organosulfates formed from 2-E-pentenal and indirectly from 2-E-hexenal and 3-Z-hexenal. In addition, quantum chemical calculations were performed to explain the different mass spectral behavior of 2,3-dihydroxypentanoic acid sulfate derivatives, where only the isomer with the sulfate group at C-3 results in the loss of SO3. The MW 214 organosulfates formed from 2-E-pentenal are explained by epoxidation of the double bond in the gas phase and sulfation of the epoxy group with sulfuric acid in the particle phase through the same pathway as that proposed for 3-sulfoxy-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid from the isoprene-related α, β-unsaturated aldehyde methacrolein in previous work (Lin et al., 2013). The MW 230 organosulfates formed from 2-E-pentenal are tentatively explained by a novel pathway, which bears features of the latter pathway but introduces an additional hydroxyl group at the C-4 position. Evidence is also presented that the MW 214 positional isomer, 2-sulfooxy-3-hydroxypentanoic acid is unstable and decarboxylates, giving rise to 1-sulfooxy-2-hydroxybutane, a MW 170 organosulfate. Furthermore, evidence is obtained that lactic acid sulfate is generated from 2-E-pentenal.

Review of recent advances on the production and eco-physiological roles of green leaf volatiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Hai-Feng SUN ◽  
Zhen-Yu LI ◽  
Bin WU ◽  
Xue-Mei QIN
Keyword(s):  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Recent Advances

Characterization of Polar Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Green Leaf Volatile 3-Z-Hexenal

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (21) ◽  
pp. 12671-12678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Safi Shalamzari ◽  
Ariane Kahnt ◽  
Reinhilde Vermeylen ◽  
Tadeusz E. Kleindienst ◽  
Michael Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Green Leaf Volatile

scholarly journals Verbenone and Green-Leaf Volatiles Reduce Whitebark Pine Mortality in a Northern Range-Expanding Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Cardinal ◽  
Brenda Shepherd ◽  
Jodie Krakowski ◽  
Carl James Schwarz ◽  
John Stirrett-Wood
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

This is the first study testing effectiveness of semiochemical treatments to protect individual trees from a range-expanding mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) attack into newly exposed host populations of endangered whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelmann). We investigated the effectiveness of a combination of verbenone and Green-Leaf Volatiles (GLV) to protect rare and valuable disease-resistant trees during a MPB epidemic from 2015 to 2018 in Jasper National Park, Canada. Treatments reduced the proportion of trees attacked by MPB for all diameter classes, across all stands, from 46 to 60%. We also evaluated the effect of the exotic disease white pine blister rust (caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch), the species’ other main regional threat. MPB were less likely to attack large, rust infected trees than healthy trees, emphasizing the value of the semiochemical treatment. Protecting large, cone-bearing disease-resistant whitebark pine trees is fundamental to whitebark pine recovery. Maintaining reproductive trees on the landscape increases the frequency and diversity of rust-resistant genotypes more effectively than just planting seedlings to replace MPB-killed trees, because this slow-growing species takes over 80 years to reproduce. Our study confirmed protecting large rust-resistant trees with verbenone and GLV is a proactive and effective treatment against MPB for whitebark pine in naïve populations.

Electroanalytical studies on green leaf volatiles for potential sensor development

The Analyst ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (13) ◽  
pp. 3138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogeswaran Umasankar ◽  
Glen C. Rains ◽  
Ramaraja P. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Sensor Development
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