Impact of Air Pollution Control Costs on the Cost and Spatial Arrangement of Cellulosic Biofuel Production in the U.S.

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2157-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Murphy ◽  
Nathan C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Air Pollution Control: Equity Considerations for Rural and Urban America

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Great Magnitude ◽  
Urban America ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

This paper deals with one of the many aspects of controlling air pollution–equity. The equity issue discussed concerns the fact that areas with high and low levels of air pollution are subjected to many of the same controls under current legislation. The equity issue is, of course, only one of several imperative questions that should be addressed and fully researched before society embarks on an abatement program of great magnitude. In fact, comparisons between expected cost outlays by firms and individuals to control air pollution, and the cost of allowing the pollution to continue, indicate that it may be less costly for firms and individuals to do nothing.

Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Stack Gas

The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.

Evolutionary Environmental Policy: An Analysis of the U.S. Air pollution Control Policy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

The purposes of this study are to examine the nature of air pollution control and available policy instruments in the United States. Focusing on command-and-control (CAC), emission tax, bubble policy and emission offset policy, this study analyzes their theoretical frameworks and limitations. The analysis of this study suggests that the U.S. air pollution control policies have been evolved to deal with economic inefficiencies from the CAC approach. Reforming the pollution policy to market incentive systems could achieve the efficiency of pollution control. Possible policy implications are also discussed.

Minimizing the cost of air pollution control

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen R. Cass ◽  
Gregory J. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Cost

Waste-to-Energy in Europe and Technology Highlights From Von Roll Inova Projects

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brunner ◽  
Alfred Sigg
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Plant Construction ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The U.S

Von Roll Inova is a major provider of thermal treatment technologies ranging from combustion, energy recovery, air pollution control, and residue processing. The company is headquartered in Switzerland and its portfolio includes over 300 WTEs around the world, processing more than 100,000 metric tons of solid wastes per day. This paper discusses the technological and political trends in Europe regarding waste-to-energy, the state-of-the-art-technology and presents an an overview of recently executed projects by Von Roll Inova. During the hiatus on new plant construction in the U.S., European countries pursued a variety of different approaches. Not all the results showed environmental, social or economic promise. Of the aspects developed since the mid-nineties, some are applicable to the United States. Particularly the advances in air pollution control technology and improved thermal efficiency will be useful as new Waste-to-Energy capacity is added in the U.S. and delays in permitting may be avoided by taking advantage of such experience transfers.

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