scholarly journals Subchronic Inhalation Exposure Study of an Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixture Resembling the Chicago Ambient Air Congener Profile

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 9653-9662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hu ◽  
Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd ◽  
Hans-Joachim Lehmler ◽  
Dingfei Hu ◽  
Keri Hornbuckle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Congener Profile ◽  
Exposure Study ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixture

scholarly journals Cardiovascular adaptations to particle inhalation exposure: molecular mechanisms of the toxicology

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. H282-H305
Author(s):  
Amina Kunovac ◽  
Quincy A. Hathaway ◽  
Mark V. Pinti ◽  
Andrew D. Taylor ◽  
John M. Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Particle Inhalation ◽  
The Impact

Ambient air, occupational settings, and the use and distribution of consumer products all serve as conduits for toxicant exposure through inhalation. While the pulmonary system remains a primary target following inhalation exposure, cardiovascular implications are exceptionally culpable for increased morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular dysfunction resulting from acute or chronic inhalation exposure to particulate matter has been well documented, but the mechanisms driving the resulting disturbances remain elusive. In the current review, we aim to summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are directly linked to cardiovascular health following exposure to a variety of inhaled toxicants. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system following particle inhalation exposure and to highlight potential biomarkers that exist across multiple exposure paradigms. We attempt to integrate these molecular signatures in an effort to provide direction for future investigations. This review also characterizes how molecular responses are modified in at-risk populations, specifically the impact of environmental exposure during critical windows of development. Maternal exposure to particulate matter during gestation can lead to fetal epigenetic reprogramming, resulting in long-term deficits to the cardiovascular system. In both direct and indirect (gestational) exposures, connecting the biochemical mechanisms with functional deficits outlines pathways that can be targeted for future therapeutic intervention. Ultimately, future investigations integrating “omics”-based approaches will better elucidate the mechanisms that are altered by xenobiotic inhalation exposure, identify biomarkers, and guide in clinical decision making.

scholarly journals Establishing indicators for assessing non-carcinogenic risks under chronic inhalation expo-sure to benzene and average annual mpc for benzene as per health risk criteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
P.Z. Shur ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
А.А. Khasanova ◽  
К.V. Chetverkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Critical Effect ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Additional Reference

Recently multiple new toxicological and epidemiologic data on negative effects produced by chemicals have become available; given that, it is necessary to improve quantitative criteria applied in health risk assessment. It is advisable to revise previously established reference concentrations and to make more precise lists of organs and systems affected by a chemical in concentrations which are either equal to reference one or exceed it. Our research aim was to establish a reference concentration for benzene and additional quantitative indicators of its effects (additional reference concentrations) on specific organs and systems under chronic inhalation exposure; another aim was to determine average annual MPC verified as per permissible lifetime carcinogenic risk using evolution models. The research allowed recommending 0.005 mg/m3 to be used as a reference concentration under chronic inhalation exposure to benzene; a decrease in quantity of B-lymphocytes was recommended as a critical effect since this decrease might produce negative effects on the blood and immune system. Additional reference concen-trations for benzene were fixed at 0.007 mg/m3 for the liver as a critical organ and 0.012 mg/mg3 for violated process of organism development as a critical effect. They can be used as additional indicators for assessing non-carcinogenic health risks under chronic inhalation exposure to benzene in its elevated concentrations. Our research results were used to substantiate average annual MPC for benzene in ambient air; its recommended value was 0.005 mg/m3 since it provided safety (absence of impermis-sible (unacceptable) lifetime health risk), probable carcinogenic effects taken into account.

scholarly journals Cancer Risk of Inhalation Exposure to Cd, Cr, As, Be and Ni in Ambient Air

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba M. Adly ◽  
Saleh A. K. Saleh ◽  
Abdullah A. Saati ◽  
Sameer H. Fatani
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air
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