Linking Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment and Epidemiological Data: Informing Safe Drinking Water Trials in Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 5160-5167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle S. Enger ◽  
Kara L. Nelson ◽  
Thomas Clasen ◽  
Joan B. Rose ◽  
Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to support decisions for water supply in affluent and developing countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. M. H. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Microbial Risks

Abstract Providing microbially safe water is a main goal of water supply to prevent endemic waterborne disease and outbreaks. Since increasing the level of safety requires resources, it is important to identify most relevant risks and efficient ways to reach health-based targets. Over the past decades, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) developed into a systematic, science-based approach to assess microbial risks through drinking water supply. In this study we present the QMRA approach and how it can be used to support decisions in both affluent and developing countries. This includes examples from the statutory QMRA in the Netherlands that led to efficient and effective improvements in water supply, not only in treatment, but also in monitoring and operation. In developing countries people often need to use various sources of drinking water. We will demonstrate how QMRA can help to improve insight in the relative risks of these routes and the effect of interventions.

scholarly journals Quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate health risks attributable to water supply: Can the technique be applied in developing countries with limited data?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Steve Pedley ◽  
Sarah Tibatemwa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

In the 3rd edition of its Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (2004) (GDWQ) the World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the use of risk assessment coupled with risk management for the control of water safety in drinking water supplies. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) provides a tool for estimating the disease-burden from pathogenic microorganisms in water using information about the distribution and occurrence of the pathogen or an appropriate surrogate. This information may then be used to inform decisions about appropriate management of the water supply system. Although QMRA has been used to estimate disease burden from water supplies in developed countries, the method has not been evaluated in developing countries where relevant data may be scarce. In this paper, we describe a simplified risk assessment procedure to calculate the disease burden from three reference pathogens – pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum and rotavirus – in water supplies in Kampala, Uganda. The study shows how QMRA can be used in countries with limited data, and that the outcome can provide valuable information for the management of water supplies.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of a drinking water – wastewater cross-connection simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina D. Mena ◽  
Linda C. Mota ◽  
Mark C. Meckes ◽  
Christopher F. Green ◽  
William W. Hurd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Cross Connection
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