Characterization and Source Apportionment of Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Atmospheric Fine Particles (PM2.5) with High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry and GC–MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 4854-4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yele Sun ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Mei Zheng ◽  
Xiang Ding ◽  
Eric S. Edgerton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

scholarly journals Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: Chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Cash ◽  
Ben Langford ◽  
Chiara Di Marco ◽  
Neil Mullinger ◽  
James Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. We present the first real-time composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS). Old Delhi is one of the most polluted locations in the world, and PM1 concentrations reached ~ 600 µg m−3 during the most polluted period, the post-monsoon, where PM1 increased by 178 % over the pre-monsoon period. Using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) to perform source apportionment analysis, two burning-related factors contribute the most (35 %) to the post-monsoon increase. The first PMF factor, semi-volatility biomass burning organic aerosol (SVBBOA), shows a high correlation with earth observation fire counts in surrounding states which links its origin to crop residue burning. The second is a solid-fuel OA (SFOA) factor with links to local open burning due to its high composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and novel AMS measured marker species for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Two traffic factors were resolved, one hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) factor and another nitrogen-rich HOA (NHOA) factor. The N compounds within NHOA were mainly nitrile species which have not previously been identified within AMS measurements. Their PAH composition suggests that NHOA is linked to diesel, and HOA to compressed natural gas and gasoline. These factors combined make the largest relative contribution to primary PM1 mass during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, while contributing the second highest in the post-monsoon. A cooking OA (COA) factor shows strong links to the secondary factor, semi-volatility oxygenated OA (SVOOA). Correlations with co-located volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements and AMS measured organic nitrogen oxides (OrgNO) suggest SVOOA is formed from aged COA. It is also found that a significant increase in chloride concentrations (488 %) from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon correlates well with SVBBOA and SFOA suggesting that crop residue burning and open waste burning are responsible. A reduction in traffic emissions would effectively reduce concentrations across most of the year. In order to reduce the post-monsoon peak, sources such as funeral pyres, solid waste burning and crop residue burning should be considered when developing new air quality policy.

Identification of amines in wintertime ambient particulate material using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney L.H. Bottenus ◽  
Paola Massoli ◽  
Donna Sueper ◽  
Manjula R. Canagaratna ◽  
Graham VanderSchelden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of fine particular matter in Changzhou, China and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolian Ye ◽  
Jiashu Liu ◽  
Aijun Gu ◽  
Feifei Feng ◽  
Yuhai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. Knowledge on aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for reduction of air pollution, while such studies haven't been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and polluted city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particular matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in Changzhou city. A suite of analytical techniques were employed to characterize organic carbon / elemental carbon (OC / EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosols (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentrations were found to be 108.3 μg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ~ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (~ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating influences from traffic emissions. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC / EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondarily formed and primarily emitted OA. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to 6.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAHs concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with 5- and 6-rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ~ 20 % PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had an average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O / C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H / C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N / C) and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM / OC) ratios of 0.36, 1.54, 0.11, and 1.74, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a cooking-related OA). On average, the POA contribution overweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions to the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.

Aerosol Chemical Composition in Cloud Events by High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2645-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Hao ◽  
Sami Romakkaniemi ◽  
Aki Kortelainen ◽  
Antti Jaatinen ◽  
Harri Portin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aerosol Chemical Composition

Evaluating the Mixing of Organic Aerosol Components Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 6329-6335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Hildebrandt ◽  
Kaytlin M. Henry ◽  
Jesse H. Kroll ◽  
Douglas R. Worsnop ◽  
Spyros N. Pandis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

scholarly journals Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 10133-10158
Author(s):  
James M. Cash ◽  
Ben Langford ◽  
Chiara Di Marco ◽  
Neil J. Mullinger ◽  
James Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. We present the first real-time composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in Old Delhi using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS). Old Delhi is one of the most polluted locations in the world, and PM1 concentrations reached ∼ 750 µg m−3 during the most polluted period, the post-monsoon period, where PM1 increased by 188 % over the pre-monsoon period. Sulfate contributes the largest inorganic PM1 mass fraction during the pre-monsoon (24 %) and monsoon (24 %) periods, with nitrate contributing most during the post-monsoon period (8 %). The organics dominate the mass fraction (54 %–68 %) throughout the three periods, and, using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) to perform source apportionment analysis of organic mass, two burning-related factors were found to contribute the most (35 %) to the post-monsoon increase. The first PMF factor, semi-volatility biomass burning organic aerosol (SVBBOA), shows a high correlation with Earth observation fire counts in surrounding states, which links its origin to crop residue burning. The second is a solid fuel OA (SFOA) factor with links to local open burning due to its high composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and novel AMS-measured marker species for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Two traffic factors were resolved: one hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) factor and another nitrogen-rich HOA (NHOA) factor. The N compounds within NHOA were mainly nitrile species which have not previously been identified within AMS measurements. Their PAH composition suggests that NHOA is linked to diesel and HOA to compressed natural gas and petrol. These factors combined make the largest relative contribution to primary PM1 mass during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods while contributing the second highest in the post-monsoon period. A cooking OA (COA) factor shows strong links to the secondary factor, semi-volatility oxygenated OA (SVOOA). Correlations with co-located volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements and AMS-measured organic nitrogen oxides (OrgNO) suggest SVOOA is formed from aged COA. It is also found that a significant increase in chloride concentrations (522 %) from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon correlates well with SVBBOA and SFOA, suggesting that crop residue burning and open waste burning are responsible. A reduction in traffic emissions would effectively reduce concentrations across most of the year. In order to reduce the post-monsoon peak, sources such as funeral pyres, solid waste burning and crop residue burning should be considered when developing new air quality policy.

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