False Cyanide Formation during Drinking Water Sample Preservation and Storage

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (24) ◽  
pp. 8383-8387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Delaney ◽  
Charles Blodget ◽  
Corinna E. Hoey ◽  
Nancy E. McSweeney ◽  
Polina A. Epelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Drinking Water Sample ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
And Storage

Analysis of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Plastic Bottles of Drinking Water with Cone-shaped Membrane–Liquid Phase Microextraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Yanuardi Raharjo ◽  
◽  
Atika Gardena Kartika ◽  
Usreg Sri Handajani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Drinking Water Sample ◽  
Liquid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Limit Detection ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

The analysis of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was done in three kinds of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles of mineral water, namely: new bottle, ten times refilled and sunlight exposed new bottle. The optimal condition on this study is ethyl acetate as an organic solvent, 175 µl of organic solvent and 20 min of extraction time. This method has limit detection about 0.29 ppm, precision 96.48–110.10 %, accuracy until 1.95 % and enrichment factor until 302.67 times. Based on these results, cone shaped membrane-liquid phase microextraction method (CSM-LPME-HPLC) could be used to analyze DEHP in a PET plastic bottle of drinking water sample under mentioned kinds of circumstances with the concentration of 0.40, 0.53 and 0.76 ppm, respectively.

Endocrine disruption of a drinking water sample from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Marize de L.M. Solano ◽  
Cassiana C.M. Raimundo ◽  
Igor C. Pescara ◽  
Wilson F. Jardim ◽  
Daniela D. França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Drinking Water Sample

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Bisphenols in Water by Dissipation followed by Silylation using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
B.V. Narasimha Raju Katari ◽  
Vemula Madhu ◽  
Annapurna Nowduri ◽  
Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal ◽  
Chidananda Swamy Rumalla
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
And Storage

Bisphenols are important endocrine disruptors, which were widely used in the variety of food packing and storage materials which often come into contact with various food products packed in them. The presence of bisphenols in water is harmful for the health of humans as well as aquatic animals and also, they accumulate over a period of time. Hence, the present work aimed to develop a simple and accurate GCMS-SIM method for the quantification of bisphenols in packaged drinking water as well as the water samples collected in river and lakes in Andhra Pradesh state of India. Bisphenols were extracted by simple solvent extraction with acetonitrile and silylated by N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoro acetamide and analyzed by GC-MS. Various parameters that affect the recovery of the analytes were carefully optimized and the developed method was validated. The recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 80-120 % with quantification limit of 1 ng/L. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5 ng/L to 10 μg/L. The method was applied for the quantification of bisphenols in packaged drinking water at room temperature and at 50 ºC at various time intervals. The results proved that the water sample kept at room temperature doesn’t shows peaks corresponding to bisphenols. The water sample exposed to 50 ºC for 30 days bisphenols content 10, 12, 22 and 8 ng/L respectively for bisphenol G (BPG), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E, (BPE) and bisphenol A (BPA) whereas the same sample at 180 days of exposer shows 60, 51, 61 and 22 ng/L respectively confirms that the leaching of plastic due to temperature increases the bisphenols level. Among the real time samples studied, the bisphenols level was observed to be very high in Kolleru Lake and it is having 17, 14, 8 and 12 ng/L of BPG, BPF, BPE and BPA, respectively confirms that due to high plastic pollution the bisphenols level was high in these samples. Hence, it can be concluded that the method can be suitable for the analysis of bisphenols in drinking water as well as in wastewater samples.

Assessment of Lisbon drinking water distribution network biofilm colonization and associated hazards

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
J. Menaia ◽  
M. Benoliel ◽  
A. Lopes ◽  
C. Neto ◽  
E. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
And Storage

Concerns arise from the possible occurrence of pathogens in drinking water pipe biofilms and storage tank sediments. In these studies, biofilm samples from pipes and sediments from storage tanks of the Lisbon drinking water distribution system were analyzed. Protein determinations and heterotrophic counts on pipe biofilm samples were used to assess the Lisbon network sessile colonization intensity and distribution. Indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were analyzed in pipe biofilm samples, as well as in storage tanks biofilm and sediments, by using cultural methods and PCR, to assess risks. Results have shown that the Lisbon network sessile colonization is relatively weak in intensity. In addition, no meaningful hazards were apparent for both the network biofilm and the storage tanks biofilm and sediments.

scholarly journals Faecal contamination of drinking water during collection and household storage: the need to extend protection to the point of use

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Clasen ◽  
Andrew Bastable
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
And Storage

Paired water samples were collected and analysed for thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) from 20 sources (17 developed or rehabilitated by Oxfam and 3 others) and from the stored household water supplies of 100 households (5 from each source) in 13 towns and villages in the Kailahun District of Sierra Leone. In addition, the female head of the 85 households drawing water from Oxfam improved sources was interviewed and information recorded on demographics, hygiene instruction and practices, sanitation facilities and water collection and storage practices. At the non-improved sources, the arithmetic mean TTC load was 407/100 ml at the point of distribution, rising to a mean count of 882/100 ml at the household level. Water from the improved sources met WHO guidelines, with no faecal contamination. At the household level, however, even this safe water was subject to frequent and extensive faecal contamination; 92.9% of stored household samples contained some level of TTC, 76.5% contained more than the 10 TTC per 100 ml threshold set by the Sphere Project for emergency conditions. The arithmetic mean TTC count for all samples from the sampled households was 244 TTC per 100 ml (geometric mean was 77). These results are consistent with other studies that demonstrate substantial levels of faecal contamination of even safe water during collection, storage and access in the home. They point to the need to extend drinking water quality beyond the point of distribution to the point of consumption. The options for such extended protection, including improved collection and storage methods and household-based water treatment, are discussed.

scholarly journals Abilities of the mCP Agar Method and CRENAME Alpha Toxin-Specific Real-Time PCR Assay To Detect Clostridium perfringens Spores in Drinking Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (24) ◽  
pp. 7654-7661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée F. Maheux ◽  
Ève Bérubé ◽  
Dominique K. Boudreau ◽  
Romain Villéger ◽  
Philippe Cantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

ABSTRACTWe first determined the analytical specificity and ubiquity (i.e., the ability to detect all or most strains) of aClostridium perfringens-specific real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay based on thecpagene (cpartPCR) by using a bacterial strain panel composed ofC. perfringensand non-C. perfringens Clostridiumstrains. All non-C. perfringens Clostridiumstrains tested negative, whereas allC. perfringensstrains tested positive with thecpartPCR, for an analytical specificity and ubiquity of 100%. ThecpartPCR assay was then used to confirm the identity of 116 putativeC. perfringensisolates recovered after filtration of water samples and culture on mCP agar. Colonies presenting discordant results between the phenotype on mCP agar andcpartPCR were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA andcpagenes. Four mCP−/rtPCR+colonies were identified asC. perfringens, whereas 3 mCP+/rtPCR−colonies were identified as non-C. perfringens. ThecpartPCR was negative with all 51 non-C. perfringensstrains and positive with 64 of 65C. perfringensstrains. Finally, we compared mCP agar and a CRENAME (concentration andrecovery of microbial particles,extraction ofnucleicacids, andmolecularenrichment) procedure pluscpartPCR (CRENAME +cpartPCR) for their abilities to detectC. perfringensspores in drinking water. CRENAME +cpartPCR detected as few as oneC. perfringensCFU per 100 ml of drinking water sample in less than 5 h, whereas mCP agar took at least 25 h to deliver results. CRENAME +cpartPCR also allows the simultaneous and sensitive detection ofEscherichia coliandC. perfringensfrom the same potable water sample. In itself, it could be used to assess the public health risk posed by drinking water potentially contaminated with pathogens more resistant to disinfection.

scholarly journals Behavioural Toxicology of Midge Larvae Chironomous sp. after Acute In Situ Exposure of Different Industrial Effluents and Drinking Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Debika Bhunia ◽  
Subhodeep Sarkar ◽  
Kushal Banerjee ◽  
Abantika Nandy ◽  
Soumendra Nath Talapatra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Behavioural Toxicology ◽  
Lead Acid

Behavioural activities in relation to toxicological aspects involve behavioural changes of aquatic organisms under the exposure of a contaminant. The present study aims to know behavioural activities of midge larvae Chironomus sp. at the in-situ acute exposure of different chemicals containing wastewater viz. lead-acid battery industrial effluent, mixed industrial effluent and fresh tap water (chlorinated) as drinking water in comparison to control (dechlorinated) water sample (aged tap water). The Chironomus larvae were kept in three different experimental chambers (perforated wall test vessels) with the exposure of different water samples. These samples were made with no dilution, 50 % dilution, 2.5 % dilution and control water sample. The behavioral activities for larvae of Chironomus sp. were measured at 0h, 2h, 24h and 48 h in in-situ condition. The behavioral activities viz. crawling, looping, ventilation, paralyses and subsequently death of the larvae were recorded in the field condition. A significant differences (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P< 0.001) were observed with increasing time of exposure while in few cases the data were increased without significance level. It was recorded that after exhibiting behavioural activities viz. crawling, looping, ventilation and paralyses finally all species were died 100 % of the population in lead acid battery effluent following both 24h and 48hr exposure. In addition, death of larvae were 70 % in mixed industrial effluent and 50 % in fresh tap water (chlorinated) after 48h exposure as compared to control sample water. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the larvae of Chironomous sp. are suitable indicators in the evaluation of the effluent quality in the studied stream, potential to know by behavioural toxicological study for heavy metals and organic pollution. Although it is a preliminary observation by assessing behavioural toxicology but future study in relation to biochemical and genetic damage of Chironomous larvae with the exposure of toxic water samples will provide bigger view.

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