Extensive Sorption of Organic Compounds to Black Carbon, Coal, and Kerogen in Sediments and Soils:  Mechanisms and Consequences for Distribution, Bioaccumulation, and Biodegradation

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (18) ◽  
pp. 6881-6895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Cornelissen ◽  
Örjan Gustafsson ◽  
Thomas D. Bucheli ◽  
Michiel T. O. Jonker ◽  
Albert A. Koelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds

scholarly journals Aerosol light absorption and the role of extremely low volatility organic compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 11625-11637
Author(s):  
Antonios Tasoglou ◽  
Evangelos Louvaris ◽  
Kalliopi Florou ◽  
Aikaterini Liangou ◽  
Eleni Karnezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Aerosol Absorption ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Particle Sizer

Abstract. A month-long set of summertime measurements in a remote area in the Mediterranean is used to quantify aerosol absorption and the role of black and brown carbon. The suite of instruments included a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), both coupled to a thermodenuder and an Aethalometer, a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX405), and a single particle soot photometer (SP2). The average refractory black carbon (rBC) concentration during the campaign was 0.14 µg m−3, representing 3 % of the fine aerosol mass. The measured light absorption was two or more times higher than that of fresh black carbon (BC). Mie theory indicated that the absorption enhancement due to the coating of BC cores by nonrefractory material could explain only part of this absorption enhancement. The role of brown carbon (BrC) and other non-BC light-absorbing material was then investigated. A good correlation (R2=0.76) between the unexplained absorption and the concentration of extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) mass was found.

scholarly journals Black Carbon - A Silent Contributor to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
Shikha Uniyal Gairola ◽  
Siddharth Shankar Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Work Done

Black carbon is a potent climate-warming component of particulate matter formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil-fuels, wood and other fuels. Complete combustion would turn all the carbon in the fuel into carbon dioxide, but combustion is never complete, and CO2, CO, volatile organic compounds, organic compounds, and black carbon particles are formed in the process. It contributes to warming by converting incoming solar radiation to heat. When deposited on ice and snow, BC and co-emitted particles reduce surface albedo thereby melting the glaciers. The complex mixture of particulate matter resulting from incomplete combustion is referred as soot. When suspended in the atmosphere, black carbon contributes to warming by converting incoming solar radiations to heat. It also influences cloud formation and impacts regional circulation and rainfall pattern. The Artic and the glaciated regions such as Himalayas are particularly vulnerable to melting as a result. The present paper aims to review the work done on black carbon and its mitigation measure.

scholarly journals Aerosol light absorption and the role of extremely low volatility organic compounds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Tasoglou ◽  
Evangelos Louvaris ◽  
Kalliopi Florou ◽  
Aikaterini Liangou ◽  
Eleni Karnezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Aerosol Absorption ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Particle Sizer

Abstract. A month-long set of summertime measurements in a remote area in the Mediterranean is used to quantify aerosol absorption and the role of black and brown carbon. The suite of instruments included a high-resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) both coupled to a thermodenuder and an aethalometer, a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX405), a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), and a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). The average refractory black carbon (rBC) concentration during the campaign was 0.14 μg m−3, representing 3 % of the fine aerosol mass. The measured light absorption was two or more times higher than that of fresh black carbon (BC). Mie theory indicated that the absorption enhancement due to the coating of BC cores by non-refractory material could explain only part of this absorption enhancement. The role of brown carbon (BrC) and other non-BC light-absorbing material was then investigated. A good correlation (R2 = 0.65) between the unexplained absorption and the concentration of extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) mass was found.

Insights into the attenuated sorption of organic compounds on black carbon aged in soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 1469-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Luo ◽  
Jitao Lv ◽  
Zien Chen ◽  
Rixiang Huang ◽  
Shuzhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds

Sorption to Black Carbon of Organic Compounds with Varying Polarity and Planarity

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 3688-3694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Cornelissen ◽  
Joris Haftka ◽  
John Parsons ◽  
Örjan Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Of Organic Compounds

scholarly journals Role of black carbon in the formation of primary organic aerosols: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Zhou ◽  
Yulu Zhou ◽  
Sylvain Picaud ◽  
Michel Devel ◽  
Jesús Carrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract. Many studies on the mixing state of suspended particulate matters (PM) have pointed to the role of carbon particles as nucleation seeds in the formation of atmospheric aerosols. However, the underlying physicochemical mechanisms remain unclear, particularly concerning the involvement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the primary stage of clustering. Here we gain insights into those microscopic formation mechanisms through molecular dynamics simulations of the physisorption of gaseous organic molecules on the surface of a carbon nanoparticle (NP). Six different organic species are selected among the VOCs dominating the atmospheric pollutants of several megacities, to interact with an onion-shell NP that mimics the primary soot particle. We consider organic molecules at various densities on the surface of a NP, as well as the same molecules in a freestanding configuration without any NP. The molecular clusters formed on the NP are found to be energetically more stable than those formed in the gas phase for all the six organic compounds. This points to a catalytic role of black carbon in the primary formation of aerosols from VOCs. Morphology analysis reveals different manners of clustering of aromatic and aliphatic compounds, which lead to different values of the binding energy and thus different thermal stability. Simulation results also suggest a layer-by-layer formation process of aerosol PM, consistent with previous transmission electron microscopy observations. These results shed light on the microscopic mechanisms of the primary formation of aerosol particulate matters, and are correlated with a variety of experimental measurements.

scholarly journals Effective radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multi-model comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 853-874
Author(s):  
Gillian D. Thornhill ◽  
William J. Collins ◽  
Ryan J. Kramer ◽  
Dirk Olivié ◽  
Ragnhild B. Skeie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Effective Radiative Forcing

Abstract. This paper quantifies the pre-industrial (1850) to present-day (2014) effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic emissions of NOX, volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including CO), SO2, NH3, black carbon, organic carbon, and concentrations of methane, N2O and ozone-depleting halocarbons, using CMIP6 models. Concentration and emission changes of reactive species can cause multiple changes in the composition of radiatively active species: tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, stratospheric water vapour, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol, and methane. Where possible we break down the ERFs from each emitted species into the contributions from the composition changes. The ERFs are calculated for each of the models that participated in the AerChemMIP experiments as part of the CMIP6 project, where the relevant model output was available. The 1850 to 2014 multi-model mean ERFs (± standard deviations) are −1.03 ± 0.37 W m−2 for SO2 emissions, −0.25 ± 0.09 W m−2 for organic carbon (OC), 0.15 ± 0.17 W m−2 for black carbon (BC) and −0.07 ± 0.01 W m−2 for NH3. For the combined aerosols (in the piClim-aer experiment) it is −1.01 ± 0.25 W m−2. The multi-model means for the reactive well-mixed greenhouse gases (including any effects on ozone and aerosol chemistry) are 0.67 ± 0.17 W m−2 for methane (CH4), 0.26 ± 0.07 W m−2 for nitrous oxide (N2O) and 0.12 ± 0.2 W m−2 for ozone-depleting halocarbons (HC). Emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds and both together (O3) lead to ERFs of 0.14 ± 0.13, 0.09 ± 0.14 and 0.20 ± 0.07 W m−2 respectively. The differences in ERFs calculated for the different models reflect differences in the complexity of their aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in the case of methane where tropospheric chemistry captures increased forcing from ozone production.

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