Determination of Single Particle Mass Spectral Signatures from Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 4569-4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Sodeman ◽  
Stephen M. Toner ◽  
Kimberly A. Prather
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Stability of single particle tracers for differentiating between heavy- and light-duty vehicle emissions

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
pp. 2889-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
D GROSS ◽  
A BARRON ◽  
E SUKOVICH ◽  
B WARREN ◽  
J JARVIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

scholarly journals Exploring femtosecond laser ablation in single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Ramisetty ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmonem ◽  
Xiaoli Shen ◽  
Harald Saathoff ◽  
Thomas Leisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Pulse Energy ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Fs Laser

Abstract. Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles can be analysed in real time using single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). In SPMS, laser ablation is the most widely used method for desorption and ionization of particle components, often realizing both in one single step. Excimer lasers are well suited for this task due to their relatively high power density (107 W cm−2–1010 W cm−2) in nanosecond (ns) pulses at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, and short triggering times. However, varying particle optical properties and matrix effects make a quantitative interpretation of this analytical approach challenging. In atmospheric SPMS applications, this influences both the mass fraction of an individual particle that gets ablated, as well as the resulting mass spectral fragmentation pattern of the ablated material. The goal of the present study is to explore the use of shorter (femtosecond, fs) laser pulses for atmospheric SPMS, and to systematically investigate the influence of power density and pulse duration on airborne particle (polystyrene latex, SiO2, NH4NO3, NaCl, and custom-made core-shell particles) ablation and reproducibility of mass spectral signatures. We used a laser ablation aerosol time-of-flight single particle mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF, AeroMegt GmbH), originally equipped with an excimer laser (wavelength 193 nm, pulse width 8 ns, pulse energy 4 mJ), and coupled it to an fs-laser (Spectra Physics Solstice-100F ultrafast laser) with similar pulse energy, but longer wavelengths (266 nm with 100 fs and 0.2 mJ, 800 nm with 100 fs and 4 mJ, respectively). Generally, mass spectra exhibit an increase in ion intensities (factor 1 to 5) with increasing laser power density (~ 108 W cm−2 to ~ 1013 W cm−2) from ns- to fs-laser. At the same time, fs-laser ablation produces spectra with larger ion fragments and ion clusters, as well as clusters with oxygen, which does not render spectra interpretation more simple compared to ns-laser ablation. Quantification of ablated material remains difficult due to incomplete ionization of the particle. Furthermore, the fs-laser application still suffers from limitations in triggering it in a useful timeframe. Further tests are needed to test potential advantages of fs- over ns-laser ablation in atmospheric SPMS.

Impact of Oxygenated Gasoline Use on California Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kirchstetter ◽  
Brett C. Singer ◽  
Robert A. Harley ◽  
Gary R. Kendall ◽  
Waymond Chan
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Experimental Study on the Influence of Gasoline Additives on Emission and Deposits of Light-Duty Vehicle

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Ren Cheng Zhu ◽  
Xiao Feng Bao ◽  
Xin Yue ◽  
Ming Jia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Gasoline Additives ◽  
Gasoline Additive

Qualified gasoline additive could improve the vehicle emission, fuel economy and deposits in engine. However, some people consider that additive plays a little role in the gasoline, for the quality of additives is still quite uneven on the market. This paper researched the influence of additives on complete-vehicle emission by adding 10 different market additives into gasoline, respectivly. Then one qualified additive was chosen and blended into base oil to do road running test with driving 1.2 × 104 km on a light-duty vehicle. The results show that vehicle emissions could decreased 15% averagely and deposits in engine can be cleaned obviously with qualified additive.

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