Uncertainty in Particle Number Modal Analysis during Transient Operation of Compressed Natural Gas, Diesel, and Trap-Equipped Diesel Transit Buses

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2413-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt A. Holmén ◽  
Yingge Qu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Transient Operation ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Transit Buses

Emissions of Toxic Pollutants from Compressed Natural Gas and Low Sulfur Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Transit Buses Tested over Multiple Driving Cycles

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (19) ◽  
pp. 7638-7649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Y. Kado ◽  
Robert A. Okamoto ◽  
Paul A. Kuzmicky ◽  
Reiko Kobayashi ◽  
Alberto Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Low Sulfur

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of High Particle Number Emissions from Accelerating Compressed Natural Gas Buses

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 3724-3731 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Jayaratne ◽  
N. K. Meyer ◽  
Z. D. Ristovski ◽  
L. Morawska ◽  
B. Miljevic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
High Particle

Unregulated Emissions from Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Transit Buses Configured with and without Oxidation Catalyst

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Okamoto ◽  
Norman Y. Kado ◽  
Paul A. Kuzmicky ◽  
Alberto Ayala ◽  
Reiko Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Unregulated Emissions

scholarly journals Particle Number Emissions of Gasoline, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fueled Vehicles at Different Ambient Temperatures

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Tero Lähde ◽  
Barouch Giechaskiel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are included in the group of promoted transport fuel alternatives for traditional fossil fuels in Europe. Both CNG and LPG fueled vehicles are believed to have low particle number and mass emissions. Here, we studied the solid particle number (SPN) emissions >4 nm, >10 nm and >23 nm of bi-fuel vehicles applying CNG, LPG and gasoline fuels in laboratory at 23 °C and sub-zero (−7 °C) ambient temperature conditions. The SPN23 emissions in CNG or LPG operation modality at 23 °C were below the regulated SPN23 limit of diesel and gasoline direct injection vehicles 1/km. Nevertheless, the limit was exceeded at sub-zero temperatures, when sub-23 nm particles were included, or when gasoline was used as a fuel. The key message of this study is that gas-fueled vehicles produced particles mainly <23 nm and the current methodology might not be appropriate. However, only in a few cases absolute SPN >10 nm emission levels exceeded 6 ×1011 1/km when >23 nm levels were below 6 ×1011 1/km. Setting a limit of 1 ×1011 1/km for >10 nm particles would also limit most of the >4 nm SPN levels below 6 ×1011 1/km.

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