Enhanced Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Concentrations and Chlorination Downwind of Lake Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
pp. 3280-3286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Chiarenzelli ◽  
James Pagano ◽  
Ronald Scrudato ◽  
Lauren Falanga ◽  
Karen Migdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Lake Ontario

Application of a food web bioaccumulation model for the prediction of polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin, and furan congener concentrations in Lake Ontario aquatic biota

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A Morrison ◽  
D Michael Whittle ◽  
Chris D Metcalfe ◽  
Arthur J Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Factor Log ◽  
Parameterized Model

A previously developed benthic/pelagic food web bioaccumulation model was parameterized to predict concentrations of nine nonmetabolized polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in invertebrates and fish from Lake Ontario. Predicted concentrations were compared with field-measured concentrations to verify the predictability of the model. Overall, 86% of model predictions were within a factor of 2 and 100% of predictions were within a factor of 10 of field-measured concentrations. The parameterized model was used to estimate chemical metabolic rates for 15 PCB, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan (PCDF) congeners that are potentially metabolized. Estimated chemical metabolic rates ranged from 7.5 × 10-3 to 1.0 × 10-7·day-1 and were in general agreement with qualitative studies describing rates of metabolism of these chemicals by aquatic biota. The calibrated model was used to predict concentrations of all 24 PCB, PCDD, and PCDF congeners in invertebrates and fish commonly found in Lake Ontario but for which no field-measured data exist. These concentrations were expressed as the logarithm of the bioaccumulation factor (log BAF). The log BAF's in benthic invertebrates and salmonids ranged from 4.2 to 10.2 and from 5.1 to 11.6, respectively, and were consistent with field-measured BAF's.

Analytical Reference Materials. II. Preparation and Sample Integrity of Homogeneous Fortified Wet Sediment for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Quality Control Studies

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312-1314
Author(s):  
Alfred S Y Chau ◽  
John Carron ◽  
Hing-Biu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Stability Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Analytical Reference

Abstract A simple method fox the preparation of a large quantity of homogeneous wet sediment spiked with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is presented. By using a large blender and adding water to form a thick slurry, more than 2 kg spiked wet sediment was homogenized and 100-200 subsamples of 10-15 g, each suitable for checking precision and accuracy of a method or a laboratory, could be obtained. Eighteen Lake Ontario sediment subsamples were analyzed to check homogeneity. The mean recovery was 97.9% for a 1:1 mixture of Aroclors 1254 and 1260 fortified at 1 ppm; the coefficient of variation was 5.4%. For the Georgian Bay sediment, recovery for 5 replicates was 97.8% with a coefficient of variation of 3.2% for the same Aroclor mixture fortified at 0.629 ppm. Subsamples stored at — 20°C for up to 3 months showed no losses of PCBs for these 2 sediments. Stability data also provided additional support for the homogeneity of the subsamples for these 2 sediments.

In situ measurement of tissue turnover and energy conversion efficiencies in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) using a novel toxicokinetic approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Paterson ◽  
Susan Y Huestis ◽  
D Michael Whittle ◽  
Kenneth G Drouillard ◽  
G Douglas Haffner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Tissue Turnover ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

We determined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) elimination patterns in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario using biomonitoring data collected from 1977 to 1993. The in situ elimination rates of these persistent pollutants were found to describe tissue turnover rates in lake trout. A model relating tissue turnover rates and endogenous energy conversion efficiencies revealed that chemical elimination in larger organisms is primarily regulated by food limitation and bioenergetic mechanisms rather than chemical kinetics. Lake trout approximately 2500 g and larger were observed to have higher PCB elimination rates than smaller fish as a result of increased lipid mobilization to supplement metabolic demands due to increased time spent foraging. This study concludes that the growth and production of large predators in Lake Ontario are regulated by the bioenergetic constraints of searching for prey in a food-limited environment. We also demonstrate that persistent organic pollutant kinetics can describe the proportion of endogenous energy required to support metabolism and production, thus providing important in situ measurements of bioenergetic processes.

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