Soil Ecotoxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Relation to Soil Sorption, Lipophilicity, and Water Solubility

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2429-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line E. Sverdrup ◽  
Torben Nielsen ◽  
Paul Henning Krogh
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Soil Sorption ◽  
Soil Ecotoxicity ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Changes in chemical composition and copepod toxicity during petroleum photooxidation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Katz ◽  
Haining Chen ◽  
David Fields ◽  
Erin Beirne ◽  
Phoebe Keyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Target Lipid Model ◽  
Control Samples

Photoproducts can be formed rapidly in the initial phase of a marine oil spill. However, their toxicity is not well understood. In this study, oil was irradiated, chemically characterized, and tested for toxicity in three copepod species (A. tonsa, T. longicornis, C.finmarchicus). Irradiation led to a depletion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in oil residues, along with an enrichment in aromatic and aliphatic oil photoproducts. Target lipid model-based calculations of PAH toxic units (TU-PAH) predicted that PAH toxicities were lower in water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of irradiated oil residues (“irradiated WAFs”) than in WAFs of dark-control samples (“dark WAFs”). In contrast, biomimetic extraction (BE) measurements showed increased bioaccumulation potential of irradiated WAFs compared to dark WAFs, mainly driven by photoproducts present in irradiated oil. In line with the BE results, copepod mortality increased in response to irradiated WAFs compared to dark WAFs. Low copepod toxicities were observed for WAFs produced with photooxidized oil slicks collected during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The results of this study suggest that while oil photoproducts have the potential to be a significant source of copepod toxicity, the water solubility of these products might mitigate their toxicity at sea.

ESTIMATION OF SOIL SORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY QUANTUM CHEMICAL DESCRIPTORS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUI-NING LU ◽  
CHEN YANG ◽  
XUE-QIN TAO ◽  
XIAO-YUN YI ◽  
ZHI DANG
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Soil Sorption ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Quantum Chemical Descriptors ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Chemical Descriptors

Quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting environmental behavior of organic pollutants with their structure descriptors. This study reports an optimal QSPR model for estimating logarithmic soil sorption coefficients (log K OC ) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Quantum chemical descriptors computed using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with an optimizing procedure were used to generate QSPR models for log K OC of PAHs. The correlation coefficient of the optimal model was 0.993, and the results of a cross-validation test ([Formula: see text]) showed this optimal model had high fitting precision and good predicting ability. The log K OC values predicted by the optimal model are very close to those observed. The PLS analysis indicated that PAHs with larger electronic spatial extent tend to more easily adsorb and accumulate in soils and sediments, whereas those with higher molecular total energy and larger energy gap between the lowest unoccupied and the highest occupied molecular orbital adsorb and accumulate in soils and sediments less readily.

Humic Acids Reduce Bioaccumulation of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S2) ◽  
pp. s63-s69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Leversee ◽  
P. F. Landrum ◽  
J. P. Giesy ◽  
T. Fannin
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Environmental Transport ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
Refractory Organics

In laboratory studies, Daphnia magna were exposed for 6 h to five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (0.1–2.0 μg/L) in water with and without Aldrich® humics (2 mg DOC/L). Compared to results in nonhumic water, accumulation of PAH by Daphnia in water with humics was significantly reduced for benzo[a]pyrene (−25%) while it was increased for methylcholanthrene (+210%). Humics did not significantly alter Daphnia accumulation of anthracene, dibenzanthracene or dimethylbenzanthracene. In additional studies, humics reduced Daphnia accumulation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) over a range of B[a|P concentrations (1.1–5.4 μg/L) exceeding the reported limit for water solubility (1.1–1.2 μg/L). Humics consistently increased Daphnia accumulation of methylcholanthrene (MC) over a range of humic concentrations from 0.2 to 10.0 μg DOC/L. Particulates and DOC (10–12 mg TOC/L) occurring naturally in two South Carolina streams reduced Daphnia accumulation of B[a]P by 38–66%, with about 40% of the overall reduction attributable to DOC. We conclude that dissolved refractory organics may significantly affect bioavailability and environmental transport of some PAH in fresh waters.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Cigarette Butts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Halenur Kurmus ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Stephen Grist
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common littered waste in the world and may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the incomplete combustion of tobacco during burning. Therefore, to investigate the potential PAH residual remaining in fired clay bricks (FCBs) incorporating CBs and examine the environmental impact of utilizing toxic waste in the production of FCBs, a comprehensive PAH extraction analysis was conducted. The Soxhlet extraction method was utilized to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of sixteen toxic Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in FCB samples incorporating CBs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The concentrations of the mean total (Σ)PAHs for FCBs incorporating 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by weight (wt) were found to be 0.183, 0.180, 0.242, 0.234, and 0.463 µg/mL. As expected, PAHs with higher water solubility and volatility, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and chrysene were found at higher concentrations compared to lipophilic PAHs. The ΣPAH concentrations for all five FCB–CB mixes were well below the EPA Victoria solid waste hazard categorization threshold for industrial waste. Moreover, the samples were studied for their carbon content using the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analyzer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirm an almost 100% combustion process of CBs during the firing process. A content less than 0.3% suggests that all carbon within the FCB–CB mixture relatively disappeared during the firing process up to 1050 °C. However, further research regarding the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production of FCBs incorporating CBs should be conducted.

The Assessment of Contamination and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Sediments of the Someş River

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Vlad Pӑnescu ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Cӑtӑlina Herghelegiu ◽  
Sorin Pop ◽  
Mircea Anton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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