Spectrophotometric Assay of POE Nonionic Surfactants and Its Application to Surfactant Sorption Isotherms

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2022-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick G. Brown ◽  
Peter R. Jaffé
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Surfactant Sorption

Interactions Between Nonionic Surfactant Monomers, Hydrophobic Organic Compounds and Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Edwards ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
R. G. Luthy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Surfactant Sorption

Nonionic surfactant at aqueous-phase concentrations less than the CMC can affect the distribution of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in soil/aqueous systems. Sub-CMC levels of nonionic surfactant can enhance the apparent aqueous-phase HOC solubility, increase the soil organic carbon content due to surfactant sorption, and modify the value of the HOC soil/aqueous distribution coefficient. Experimental data quantifying these effects are presented for several HOCs and nonionic surfactants. A method is proposed for predicting the distribution of HOC between soil and bulk solution with sub-CMC aqueous-phase concentrations of nonionic surfactant.

Study of Organic Surfactant Sorption in Organophilic Clays

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Darciely Lindalva da Silva ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Vieira da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Peixoto Suassuna Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Surfactant ◽  
Organophilic Clays ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Sorption Mechanisms ◽  
Surfactant Sorption

Bentonite clays, due to an immense variety of applications, are widely studied. Yet currently, organically modified bentonite clays studies have been increasing. The methods most studied involve addition of ionic or non-ionic surfactants to synthesize organophilic clays. The synthesis can be performed in two ways: by ion exchange (double replacement reaction chemistry), or by ion-dipole interaction where organic molecules are adsorbed on the surface of clay. The present work studies the sorption mechanisms of ionic and non-ionic surfactants to the surface of bentonite clays, thus making them organophilic. The results for the sorption experiments were obtained by adjusting the parameters of known mathematical models to the experimental data, the linear, and Freundlich models gave the best results for the sorption isotherms.

Nonionic Surfactant Sorption onto Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2337-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Liu ◽  
D. A. Edwards ◽  
R. G. Luthy
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Aggregate Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Sorption ◽  
Increasing Function

Experiments in batch soil/aqueous systems were conducted to evaluate the sorption onto soil of four nonionic surfactants. At bulk solution surfactant concentration less than the respective critical micelle (aggregate) concentration (CMC or CAC), sorption can be assessed using a surface tension technique and can be characterized with a Freundlich isotherm. At bulk solution surfactant concentrations equal to or greater than the critical concentration, sorption of the micelle-forming surfactants can be assessed by a spectrophotometric technique with an azo dye and had a constant value; sorption of the lamellae-forming surfactant can be assessed by a chemical oxidation technique and, however, appeared to be an increasing function of the surfactant dose.

The Influence of Disintegration of Hard Coal Varieties of Different Metamorphism Grade on the Amount of Sorbed Ethane / Wpływ rozdrobnienia odmian węgla kamiennego o różnym stopniu metamorfizmu na ilości sorbowanego etanu

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Żyła ◽  
Agnieszka Dudzińska ◽  
Janusz Cygankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Surface ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Ethane constitutes an explosive gas. It most often accompanies methane realizing during exploitation and mining works. In this paper the results of ethane sorption have been discussed on three grain classes of six selected hard coal samples collected from active Polish coalmines. On the basis of obtained results, it has been stated that the tested hard coals prove differentiated sorption power with reference to ethane. Te extreme amount of ethane is sorbed by low carbonized hard coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine. This sort of coal shows great porosity, and great content of oxygen and moisture. The least amount of ethane is sorbed by hard coal from “Sośnica” coalmine. This sort of coal possesses relatively a great deal of ash contents. Together with the process of coal disintegration, the amount of sorbed ethane increases for all tested coal samples. Between tested coals there are three medium carbonized samples collected from “Pniówek”, “Chwałowice” “Zofiówka” coalmines which are characterized by small surface values counted according to model BET from nitrogen sorption isotherms determined at the temperature of 77.5 K. The samples of these three coals prove the highest, from between tested coals, increase of ethane sorption occurring together with their disintegration. These samples disintegrated to 0,063-0,075 mm grain class sorb ethane in the amount corresponding with the sorption quantity of low carbonized coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine in 0.5-0.7 mm grain class. It should be marked that the low carbonized samples collected from “Jaworzno” and Wesoła” coalmines possess large specific surface and great porosity and belong to coal group of “loose” spatial structure. Regarding profusion of sorbed ethane on disintegrated medium carbonized samples from “Pniówek”, “Zofiówka”, “Chwałowice” coalmines it can be supposed that in the process of coal disintegration, breaking their “compact’ structure occurs. Loosened structure of medium carbonized coals results in increasing accessibility of ethane particles to sorption centres both electron donors and electron acceptors which are present on hard coal surface. The surface sorption centre increase may result in formation a compact layer of ethane particles on coal surface. In the formed layer, not only the strengths of vertical binding of ethane particles with the coal surface appear but also the impact of horizontal strengths appears which forms a compact layer of sorbed ethane particles. The surface layer of ethane particles may lead to explosion.

The Influences of the Rank of Coal on Methane Sorption Capacity in Coals/Wpływ Rzędu Węgla Na Pojemność Sorpcyjną Metanu W Węglach

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
Andrzej Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Methane Sorption ◽  
Indian Coals

Abstract Methane sorption capacity is of significance in the issues of coalbed methane (CBM) and depends on various parameters, including mainly, on rank of coal and the maceral content in coals. However, in some of the World coals basins the influences of those parameters on methane sorption capacity is various and sometimes complicated. Usually the rank of coal is expressed by its vitrinite reflectance Ro. Moreover, in coals for which there is a high correlation between vitrinite reflectance and volatile matter Vdaf the rank of coal may also be represented by Vdaf. The influence of the rank of coal on methane sorption capacity for Polish coals is not well understood, hence the examination in the presented paper was undertaken. For the purpose of analysis there were chosen fourteen samples of hard coal originating from the Upper Silesian Basin and Lower Silesian Basin. The scope of the sorption capacity is: 15-42 cm3/g and the scope of vitrinite reflectance: 0,6-2,2%. Majority of those coals were of low rank, high volatile matter (HV), some were of middle rank, middle volatile matter (MV) and among them there was a small number of high rank, low volatile matter (LV) coals. The analysis was conducted on the basis of available from the literature results of research of petrographic composition and methane sorption isotherms. Some of those samples were in the form (shape) of grains and others - as cut out plates of coal. The high pressure isotherms previously obtained in the cited studies were analyzed here for the purpose of establishing their sorption capacity on the basis of Langmuire equation. As a result of this paper, it turned out that for low rank, HV coals the Langmuire volume VL slightly decreases with the increase of rank, reaching its minimum for the middle rank (MV) coal and then increases with the rise of the rank (LV). From the graphic illustrations presented with respect to this relation follows the similarity to the Indian coals and partially to the Australian coals.

Molecular, Surface, Thermodynamic Properties and Biodegradability of Nonionic Surfactants Based on Castor Oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. M. Gad ◽  
E. M. S. Azzam ◽  
I. Aiad ◽  
W. I. M. El-azab
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Molecular Surface

EVALUATION OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR CONTROL OF CLUBROOT OF CABBAGE USING BAREROOT AND PLUG TRANSPLANTS OF TWO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 607b-607
Author(s):  
W. Tietjen ◽  
P.J. Nitzsche ◽  
W.P. Cowgill ◽  
M.H. Maletta ◽  
S.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Disease Severity Index

`Market Prize' and `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea Var. capitata L.), transplanted as peat plug and bareroot plants into a field naturally infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae, Woronin, were treated immediately after planting with a liquid or a granular surfactant. APSA 80™, applied in transplant water, significantly reduced percent clubbing and disease severity index (DSI) compared to control treatments. Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™ did not significantly reduce percent clubbing or DSI. There was a significant effect of cultivar on percent clubbing and DSI. There was no significant effect of transplant type on percent clubbing or DSI. This year's study culminates five years of investigation of surfactants for clubroot control. Specific surfactants have proven to be an effective control of clubroot in cabbage. Chemical names used: nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (APSA 80™); alpha-alkanoic-hydro omega-hydroxy poly (oxyethylene) (Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™).

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