Organochlorine contaminants in arctic marine food chains: accumulation of specific polychlorinated biphenyls and chlordane-related compounds

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C. G. Muir ◽  
Ross J. Norstrom ◽  
Mary. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Related Compounds

Presence and Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Arctic and Subarctic Marine Food Chains

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Bowes ◽  
Charles J. Jonkel
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Polar Bears ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
High Concentrations

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), man-made industrial chemicals, have been identified in tissues of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), ringed (Phoca hispida) and square flipper (Erignathus barbatus) seals, and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) of the Canadian arctic and subarctic. All tissues from each species examined contained these compounds. PCB content in tissue, both absolute and relative to the concentration of DDT (p,p′-DDE + p,p′-DDD + p,p′-DDT), generally increased from seals to adult polar bears to polar bear cubs and young. Polar bear milk contained high concentrations of PCB and is the most probable source of the high concentrations in polar bear cubs. Chromatograms revealed a greater accumulation of higher chlorinated PCB isomers in polar bears than in seals, their main food. Residue data suggest that polar bear subpopulations in the eastern Canadian arctic and subarctic have been exposed to higher levels of PCB and DDT than western subpopulations.

Seabirds as biomonitors of mercury inputs to epipelagic and mesopelagic marine food chains

1998 ◽  
Vol 213 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Thompson ◽  
Robert W Furness ◽  
Luis R Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Food

Variable transfer of detoxified metals from snails to hermit crabs in marine food chains

1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Nott ◽  
A. Nicolaidou
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Food

Chlorinated C 1 and C 2 hydrocarbons in the marine environment

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Chemical Manufacture

A range of chlorinated hydrocarbons derived from C 1 and C 2 hydrocarbons is manufactured industrially. They are used as intermediates for further chemical manufacture and also outside the chemical industry as solvents or carriers. In the latter category losses in use are eventually dispersed to the environment. The distribution of some of these compounds, including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and trichloroethane, in the environment (air, water and marine sediments) has been investigated and the results are presented. The concentrations found have been compared with acute toxicity levels to fish and other aquatic organisms, ascertained by laboratory bioassay. The occurrence of the compounds has been determined in a number of marine organisms, especially those at higher trophic levels, and the accumulation of some of them has been investigated in the laboratory. Chemical and microbial degradation processes have been studied in the laboratory to help determine the course of their removal from the aqueous and aerial environment, and the half lives of some of the compounds have been estimated. It is concluded that these compounds are not persistent in the environment, and that there is no significant bioaccumulation in marine food chains.

The transfer of65Zn and 59Fe along a Fucus serratus (L.)→ Littorina obtusata (L.) food chain

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Littorina Obtusata ◽  
Fucus Serratus ◽  
Marine Food

In marine organisms the fresh-weight concentrations of the trace metals zinc and iron are 102–105 times the concentrations in sea water. Study of the transfer of these metals along marine food chains is of interest because of the possibility of their being pollutants of the marine environment. Also65Zn and 65Fe are released to the marine environment and have been found, in many instances, to be the predominant radionuclides in food chains leading to man (Lowman, Palumbo & South, 1957; Lowman, 1960; Osterberg, Pearcy & Curl, 1964; Preston, 1967). The transfer of these metals along marine food chains is thus of interest also in the context of human radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Mortality in Yusho patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans: a 50-year retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Onozuka ◽  
Yuko Nakamura ◽  
Gaku Tsuji ◽  
Masutaka Furue
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
Optimum Management ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background In 1968, the Yusho incident resulted in accidental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds in Japan. This study updated the risk of mortality in Yusho patients. Methods We obtained updated cohort data for all Yusho patients for the period 1968–2017. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality over a 50-year follow-up period compared with the general population in Japan. Results A total of 1664 Yusho patients with 63,566 person-years of follow up were included in the analysis. Among males, excess mortality was observed for all cancers (SMR: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.45) and lung cancer (SMR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.19). Among females, increased mortality was observed for liver cancer (SMR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.67). No significant increase was seen in non-cancer-related mortality compared with the general population. Conclusions Carcinogenic risk in humans after exposure to PCBs and PCDFs remains higher among Yusho patients. Our findings suggest the importance of care engagement and optimum management to deal with the burden of Yusho disease.

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