Characterization of surface species on coal combustion particles by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in concert with ion sputtering and thermal desorption

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Cabaniss ◽  
Richard W. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Combustion Particles

Characterization of Tungsten Surfaces by Simultaneous Work Function and Secondary Electron Emission Measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Vida ◽  
V.K. Josepovits ◽  
M. Győr ◽  
P. Deák
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simultaneous Change

The changes of the work function (Φ) and the secondary electron emission (SEE) of oxygen covered polycrystalline tungsten occurring after ion sputtering and heat treatments have been investigated. The chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the electron emission properties by work function spectroscopy (WFS). We observed in what manner the chemical changes of the surface are reflected in the work function and SEE. The simultaneous change of Φ and SEE in the case of oxygen covered tungsten have been pointed out and a direct relationship between them can be supposed.

The Growth and Characterization of Germanium-Carbon Alloy Thin Films

1992 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Yuan ◽  
R. Stanley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Alloy Thin Film ◽  
New Materials ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTThin films of pure germanium-carbon alloys (GexC1−x with x ≈ 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been grown on Si(100) and A12O3 (0001) substrates by pulsed laser ablation in a high vacuum chamber. The films were analyzed by x-ray θ-2θ diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), conductivity measurements and optical absorption spectroscopy. The analyses of these new materials showed that films of all compositions were amorphous, free of contamination and uniform in composition. By changing the film composition, the optical band gap of these semiconducting films was varied from 0.00eV to 0.85eV for x = 0.0 to 1.0 respectively. According to the AES results, the carbon atoms in the Ge-C alloy thin film samples has a bonding configuration that is a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridizations.

Monitoring and characterization of creation of geopolymers prepared from fly ash and metakaolin by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanuchova ◽  
L. Kozakova ◽  
M. Drabova ◽  
M. Sisol ◽  
A. Estokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
X Ray

Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
R. Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Krf Laser

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

Preparation of Carbon Nanofibers from Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers by Electrospinning

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 642-647
Author(s):  
En Zhong Li ◽  
Da Xiang Yang ◽  
Wei Ling Guo ◽  
Hai Dou Wang ◽  
Bin Shi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Ultrafine Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pan Fibers

Ultrafine fibers were electrospun from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution as a precursor of carbon nanofibers. The effects of solution concentration, applied voltage and flow rate on preparation and morphologies of electrospun PAN fibers were investigated. Morphologies of the green fibers, stabilized fibers and carbonized fibers were compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The diameter of PAN nanofibers is about 450nm and the distribution of diameter is well-proportioned. Characterization of the elements changes of fibers were performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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