Letters. Drinking water contaminants.

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 394-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
JGMM Smeenk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Contaminants

PEDIATRIC LEUKEMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES, AND DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS

Epidemiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. S138
Author(s):  
Judith Klotz ◽  
Patricia Bryant ◽  
Mary Dillon ◽  
Bruce Wolf ◽  
Homer Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Pediatric Leukemia ◽  
Water Contaminants

scholarly journals Can We Protect Everybody from Drinking Water Contaminants?

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Howd
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Fuel Tanks ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
Alkyl Benzenes

Dozens of chemicals, both natural and manmade, are often found in drinking water. Some, such as the natural contaminants uranium and arsenic, are well-known toxicants with a large toxicology database. Other chemicals, such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) from leaking fuel tanks, we learn about as we go along. For still others, such as the alkyl benzenes, there are very little available data, and few prospects of obtaining more. In some cases, chemicals are purposely added to drinking water for beneficial purposes (e.g., chlorine, fluoride, alum), which may cause a countervailing hazard. Removing all potentially toxic chemicals from the water is virtually impossible and is precluded for beneficial uses and for economic reasons. Determination of safe levels of chemicals in drinking water merges the available toxicity data with exposure and human effect assumptions into detailed hazard assessments. This process should incorporate as much conservatism as is needed to allow for uncertainty in the toxicity and exposure estimates. Possible sensitive subpopulations such as unborn children, infants, the elderly, and those with common diseases such as impaired kidney function must also be considered. However, the range of sensitivity and the variability of toxicity and exposure parameters can never be fully documented. In addition, the validity of the low-dose extrapolations, and whether the toxic effect found in animals occurs at all in humans, is never clear. This publication discusses how these competing needs and uncertainties intersect in the development of Public Health Goals for uranium, fluoride, arsenic, perchlorate, and other highly debated chemicals.

scholarly journals Drinking water contaminants from epoxy resin-coated pipes: A field study

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Rajasärkkä ◽  
Marek Pernica ◽  
Jan Kuta ◽  
Jonáš Lašňák ◽  
Zdenĕk Šimek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Contaminants

A community-based evaluation of proximity to unconventional oil and gas wells, drinking water contaminants, and health symptoms in Ohio

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise G. Elliott ◽  
Xiaomei Ma ◽  
Brian P. Leaderer ◽  
Lisa A. McKay ◽  
Courtney J. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas

Peculiarities of low-mineralized drinking water chemical contamination influence on health of the population of the Russian Far East (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
OYu Yamilova ◽  
VK Koval’chuk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The Russian Far East

Prioritized drinking water contaminants found in water supply systems of the Russian Far East and their possible unfavorable influence on the population health have been reviewed. It is shown that drinking water natural mineral composition peculiarities have to be borne in mind when the level of somatic morbidity of the population is determined, which is essential due to intensified economic advancement of the region.

scholarly journals Detecting community response to water quality violations using bottled water sales

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (42) ◽  
pp. 20917-20922
Author(s):  
Maura Allaire ◽  
Taylor Mackay ◽  
Shuyan Zheng ◽  
Upmanu Lall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Averting Behavior ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Public Notification

Drinking-water contaminants pose a risk to public health. When confronted with elevated levels of contaminants, individuals can take actions to reduce exposure. Yet, few studies address averting behavior due to impaired water, particularly in high-income countries. This is a problem of national interest, given that 9 million to 45 million people have been affected by water quality violations in each of the past 34 years. No national analysis has focused on the extent to which communities reduce exposure to contaminated drinking water. Here, we present an assessment that sheds light on how communities across the United States respond to violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act, using consumer purchases of bottled water. This study provides insight into how averting behavior differs across violation types and community demographics. We estimate the change in sales due to water quality violations, using a panel dataset of weekly sales and violation records in 2,151 counties from 2006 to 2015. Critical findings show that violations which pose an immediate health risk are associated with a 14% increase in bottled water sales. Generally, greater averting action is taken against contaminants that might pose a greater perceived health risk and that require more immediate public notification. Rural, low-income communities do not take significant averting action for elevated levels of nitrate, yet experience a higher prevalence of nitrate violations. Findings can inform improvements in public notification and targeting of technical assistance from state regulators and public health agencies in order to reduce community exposure to contaminants.

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