Transport and fate of reactive trace gases in red spruce needles. 2. Interpretations of flux experiments using gas transport theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candis S. Claiborn ◽  
Ruben G. Carbonell ◽  
Viney P. Aneja
Keyword(s):  
Transport Theory ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals ReGaS: SI-traceable Reference Mixtures of Reactive Trace Gases Produced by Mobile Generators

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 778-778
Author(s):  
Céline Pascale ◽  
Daiana Leuenberger ◽  
Myriam Guillevic ◽  
Andreas Ackermann ◽  
Bernhard Niederhauser
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gases ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases

ICON-seamless: die Entwicklung eines neuen Erdsystemmodells basierend auf ICON für alle Zeitskalen, von Wettervorhersagen bis Klimaprognosen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Potthast ◽  
Wolfgang Müller ◽  
Barbara Früh ◽  
Peter Korn ◽  
Susanne Brienen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gases ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases

<p>ICON-seamless entwickelt ein neues Erdsystemmodell, als Grundlage für Wettervorhersage, saisonale und dekadische Klimavorhersagen, bis hin zu Klimaprojektionen. Dabei nutzen wir die Expertise, die ICON-NWV als zuverlässiges Modell für numerische Wettervorhersage (NWV) betreibt und pflegt sowie die Erfahrungen mit der ersten ICON-Erdsystemversion basierend auf der Physik der MPI-Atmosphäre ECHAM. Das Ziel ist, gemeinsame Komponenten für alle meteorologischen Zeitskalen nutzen zu können. Der erste Schritt entwickelt ein Modell für saisonale und dekadische Zeitskalen.</p> <p>ICON-seamless baut auf der Kopplung der Komponenten ICON-NWV (Atmosphäre) und ICON-O (Ozean) auf. Mit Hilfe des speziell entwickelten Kopplungs-Tools YAC können beide Komponenten Variablen austauschen, die für die Wechselwirkung zwischen Atmosphäre und Ozean wichtig sind. Auch die Parametrisierung von Meereis stellt einen wichtigen Baustein dar. Zur Wiedergabe eines geschlossenen hydrologischen Kreislaufs und um den Kohlenstoffkreislauf sauber darzustellen, wird ferner ein geeignetes Bodenmodell, ICON-L, an die Atmosphärenphysik von ICON-NWV gekoppelt. Zudem werden transiente Aerosolfelder, Treibhausgase, und Strahlungsantriebe neu in ICON-NWV eingelesen, um historische Zeiträume nachzuvollziehen. Parallel hierzu werden die ART Module (Aerosol and Reactive Trace gases), die eine dynamische Behandlung von Gasen und Aerosolen gestatten, an die modifizierte Modellphysik angepasst. Eine intensive Modelldiagnostik unterstützt das Tuning. Für die zukünftige Verwendung im Bereich der (Wetter- und) Klimavorhersagen wird parallel die gekoppelte Datenassimilation entwickelt.</p> <p>Wir geben einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung, der Experimente und potentieller Anwendungsbereiche.</p>

Distribution of reactive trace gases over South Asia: Observations and modeling

2022 ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Narendra Ojha ◽  
Imran Girach ◽  
Meghna Soni ◽  
Narendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases

Induction of nitrate reductase activity in red spruce needles by NO2 and HNO3 vapor

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Norby ◽  
Yohan Weerasuriya ◽  
Paul J. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Acid Mist ◽  
Spruce Needles

The induction of the enzyme nitrate reductase in needles may be a prerequisite for the assimilation of foliar-absorbed nitrogen oxide pollutants by red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) trees. To test for induction of nitrate reductase, 1-year-old red spruce seedlings were exposed to NO2, HNO3 vapor, or acid mist containing nitrate, and the activity of nitrate reductase in needles was measured. One day after exposure to NO2 (75 nL•L−1) began, nitrate reductase activity was three times greater than that of unexposed control plants. One day after exposure ended, the nitrate reductase activity returned to the control level. Older red spruce seedlings that had been excavated from a spruce–fir stand exhibited a similar pattern of response, but the level of nitrate reductase activity was much lower than that of the 1-year-old seedlings. Nitric acid vapor (75 nL•L−1) also induced nitrate reductase in red spruce needles, and the pattern of response was similar to that with NO2, except that the nitrate reductase activity did not return to control levels until 2 days after exposure ended. Exposure of seedlings to acid mist containing nitrate (pH 3.5 and 5.0) did not result in a change in nitrate reductase activity. These results indicate that red spruce is capable of assimilating NO2 and HNO3 vapor and that hypotheses of forest decline based on foliar assimilation of pollutant nitrogen oxides are tenable.

Effects of Filtered Air and Misting Treatments on Cuticles of Red Spruce Needles on Whiteface Mountain, N.Y.

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme P. Berlyn ◽  
Ambrose O. Anoruo ◽  
D. R. Vann ◽  
A. H. Johnson ◽  
G. R. Strimbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Spruce ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Results from the first national UK inter-laboratory calibration for very short-lived halocarbons

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jones ◽  
S. J. Andrews ◽  
L. J. Carpenter ◽  
C. Hogan ◽  
F. E. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases

Abstract. Very short-lived halocarbons (VSLH) such as CH3I, CH2Br2 and CHBr3 provide an important source of reactive halogens to the atmosphere, however high spatial and seasonal variability in their ambient mixing ratios and sea-air fluxes gives rise to considerable uncertainty in global scale emission estimates. One solution to improve global flux estimates is to combine the multitude of individually published datasets to produce a database of collated global halocarbon observations. Some progress towards this has already been achieved through the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database initiative, but the absence of a common calibration scale for very short-lived halocarbons makes it difficult to distinguish true environmental variations from artefacts arising from differences between calibration methodologies. As such, the lack of inter-calibrations for both air and seawater measurements of very short-lived halocarbons has been identified as a major limitation to current estimations of the global scale impact of these reactive trace gases. Here we present the key findings from the first national UK inter-laboratory comparison for calibrations of the halocarbons CH3I, CH2Br2 and CHBr3. The aim of this inter-calibration was to provide transparency between halocarbon calibrations from major UK research institutions, an important step towards enabling all measurements from these institutions to be treated as one coherent integrated dataset for global source term parameterisations.

A study of fungal endophytes of needles of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in New Brunswick, Canada, using culture and electron microscope techniques

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3513-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Johnson ◽  
Norman J. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Petiole Segment

Endophytic fungi were isolated from the interiors of surface-sterilized needles of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in New Brunswick, Canada. Four different fungi were isolated frequently. One species, designated X-W, was isolated exlusively from the petiole segment of red spruce needles. There was no difference in the variety of species isolated from fir needles from two sites, but a difference in frequency of species did exist. Micrographs of the interior of balsam fir needles showed hyphae occupying intercellular spaces and adhering to the outer walls of parenchyma cells. No penetration of cells by either fungus was observed.

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