Lipophilicity of a synthetic bleached kraft effluent

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Diercks ◽  
Sujit Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Effluent

Remediation of Kraft Effluent by Ozonation: Effect of Applied Ozone Concentration and Initial pH

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia R. Assalin ◽  
Maria A. Rosa ◽  
Nelson Durán
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Kraft Effluent

Monitoring of Activated Sludge Systems Using a Combination of Specific Oxygen Uptake Rates and Specific Adenosine Triphosphate Measurements

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janique Bergeron ◽  
Michael Paice
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Data Set ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Kraft Effluent

Abstract Two five-litre activated sludge (AS) bioreactors were operated for several months to demonstrate potential mill applications of a four-assay set, which has been proposed as a tool for monitoring the health of the AS microbial population. The set consists of three specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) determinations at different substrate concentrations (SOURat, SOURnmax and SOURtox where at, nmax and tox are defined as aeration tank, near maximum, and toxic, respectively), and a specific adenosine triphosphate (SATP) assay. Two disturbances were applied at different times to an AS system treating kraft effluent. First, temperature was increased from 25 to 40°C, and second, a black liquor spill was simulated. The data before, during, and after these disturbances were statistically analyzed. From this analysis, we concluded that the four-assay set could be used as a microbial health characterization (MHC) tool. It allows an operator to correlate microbial changes with operating data over a mediumterm time scale. We compared the values obtained during periods of upset in the system treating the kraft effluent, to the baseline data set determined from stable operation periods. This demonstrated how the four-assay set could be used as a biological early warning (BEW) tool. It allows a treatment system operator to make appropriate adjustments immediately after detecting values that fall outside the baseline data range.

Biomas photochemistry XV: Photobleaching and biobleaching of Kraft effluent

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Duran ◽  
Marcia Dezotti ◽  
Jaime Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Effluent

Anaerobic-Aerobic Lagoon Treatment of Kraft Mill Effluent for Enhanced Removal of AOX

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G.-H. Lee ◽  
M.F. Crowe ◽  
H. Stutz
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halide ◽  
Aox Removal ◽  
Kraft Effluent

Abstract A continuous-flow sequential anaerobic-aerobic lagoon treatment process was developed and evaluated for removal of adsorbable organic halide (AOX) from whole-mill kraft effluent at both laboratory and pilot-scale. The rationale underlying the development of the process was that the AOX removal efficiency of aerated lagoons currently in use might be significantly increased through relatively simple modification. Bench-scale studies showed that sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of whole-mill kraft effluent resulted in AOX-removal efficiencies of over 70% at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 10 days, 5 days and 2 days. In contrast, only 20%, 35% and 36% removal was obtained in a control aerobic lagoon. Pilot-scale studies showed that up to 65% removal of AOX from whole-mill kraft effluent was consistently obtained at HRTs ranging from 5 to 10 days. This compares with typical AOX removal efficiencies in conventional aerated lagoons of about 25%. Conversion of the anaerobic section in the pilot-scale lagoon from a simple sludge blanket to a combination of sludge blanket and submerged biofilm further increased AOX removal efficiencies to about 70%.

Marine Phytoplankton Growth in High Concentrations of Pulpmill Effluent

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2758-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
Anne C. Costella
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kraft Effluent

Axenic culture studies with the marine phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Amphidinium carteri demonstrated the ability of these species to adapt to and exhibit normal growth in relatively high concentrations of pulpmill effluent. Skeletonema costatum and A. carteri required a preadaptation period prior to commencement of exponential growth in high concentrations of kraft effluent (20–30%), while D. tertiolecta exhibited exponential growth in 90% kraft effluent with no requirement for preadaptation. Of six pulpmill effluent types tested, kraft was considered most inhibitory to growth, while combined kraft and newsprint effluent passed through an XAD-8 resin column was least inhibitory. The effects of the six effluent types on lag, exponential, and stationary growth phases are discussed in relation to in situ concentrations and relative ecological significance in the coastal marine environment.

Semiconductor-assisted photodegradation of lignin, dye, and kraft effluent by Ag-doped ZnO

Chemosphere ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A.K Gouvêa ◽  
Fernando Wypych ◽  
Sandra G Moraes ◽  
Nelson Durán ◽  
Patricio Peralta-Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Doped Zno ◽  
Kraft Effluent
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