Accurate Estimation of the World Crude Oil PVT Properties Using Graphical Alternating Conditional Expectation

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Malallah ◽  
Ridha Gharbi ◽  
Meshal Algharaib
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Conditional Expectation ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Pvt Properties ◽  
Alternating Conditional Expectation ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Biodiesel, a ochrona środowiska

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Marlena Owczuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
The World

The development of the automotive industry in the world causes high environmental degradation, the main source of this degradation is engine emissions. It is necessary to introduce biofuels prepared from renewable energy sources to the market due to the limited reserve of crude oil and environmental protection. Appropriate new modifications in law regulations have been prepared in European Union. Introducing alternative fuels can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and also decrease the level of pollutions in the environment.

scholarly journals “Shale Revolution” in the United States as the Main Driver of the World Oil Market Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
S. A. Zolina ◽  
I. A. Kopytin ◽  
O. B. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The U.S

In 2018 the United States surpassed Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the largest world oil producer. The article focuses on the mechanisms through which the American shale revolution increasingly impacts functioning of the world oil market. The authors show that this impact is translated to the world oil market mainly through the trade and price channels. Lifting the ban on crude oil exports in December 2015 allowed the United States to increase rapidly supply of crude oil to the world oil market, the country’s share in the world crude oil exports reached 4,4% in 2018 and continues to rise. The U.S. share in the world petroleum products exports, on which the American oil sector places the main stake, reached 18%. In parallel with increasing oil production the U.S. considerably shrank crude oil import that forced many oil exporters to reorient to other markets. Due to high elasticity of tight oil production to the oil price increases oil from the U.S. has started to constrain the world oil price from above. According to the majority of authoritative forecasts, oil production in the U.S. will continue to increase at least until 2025. Since 2017 the tendency to the increasing expansion of supermajors into American unconventional oil sector has become noticeable, what will contribute to further strengthening of the U.S. position in the world oil market and accelerate its restructuring.  

GEOLOGICAL REASONING FOR THE PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS OF KNOWN FIELDS

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
R.E. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Petroleum Geology ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
Distinct Source ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Giant Fields

Geological reasoning for the petroleum source-migration-accumulation relationships centres around petroleum composition and its variability, water composition and its variability, and stratigraphy. For example, a field with several pools of petroleum of different compositions is likely to have been sourced from several distinct source rocks that are stratigraphically associated with the reservoir rocks. If water compositions are also variable, the conclusion is reinforced. A field with several pools of petroleum of similar quality was sourced either from similar source rocks that are stratigraphically associated with the reservoirs, or from a single source that is removed from the accumulations. There are also considerations of wax content, environment of deposition of the reservoir sequence, sand/shale ratios, and faulting.Geological reasoning does not always lead to the same conclusions as geochemical reasoning. Such cases are particularly important for petroleum geology because they should lead us to a better understanding of the source-migration-accumulation relationships. Some of the remaining giant oil accumulations of the world may be in areas that would be discarded on geochemical evidence. Most of the crude oil remaining to be discovered will be in relatively few giant fields, so misunderstanding could jeopardize our future supplies.

scholarly journals ECC Design Based on Uniform Design Test Method and Alternating Conditional Expectation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Zude Ding ◽  
Xi Du ◽  
Jincheng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Conditional Expectation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Test Method ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Alternating Conditional Expectation ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Tensile Strains

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) have higher ultimate tensile strains than normal concrete. The mechanical properties of ECC strongly depend on raw materials and the mix proportions. The uniform design test method and alternating conditional expectation, which is a nonparametric regression analysis method, were used to design the ECC mix proportion. According to the regression analysis, the optimized W/B, S/B, and F/B ranges could be obtained as 0.35–0.42, 0.25–0.3, and 0.02, respectively. The tested proportions for validation were randomly adopted within the range of W/B, S/B, and F/B. The uniaxial compression, tension, and four-point bending tests were conducted to verify the material behaviour of the designed ECC. Results showed that all the specimens had large ultimate tensile strains and high fracture energy capacities, and strain hardening was also observed. The fibers were found to be uniformly distributed in the specimens by using a scanning electron microscope. This paper may provide theoretical and practical guidance for the ECC and other cement-based material mix proportion design.

scholarly journals Constructing a Composite Leading Indicator for the Global Crude Oil Price

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mei-Teing Chong ◽  
Chin-Hong Puah ◽  
Shazali Abu Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
Leading Indicator ◽  
Indicator Approach ◽  
The World

Crude oil, as the most traded commodity in the world, exhibits prices with a clear influence on other commodities in the worldwide market. It also poses implications regarding the economic growth of oil-exporting and oil-importing nations. This study provides an unprecedented method of employing the indicator approach as proposed by the Conference Board, National Bureau of Economic Research, to construct a leading indicator for the global crude oil price. The results reveal that the constructed oil price indicator can predict the cyclical movement of the oil price by moving in advance of 3.5 months on average. This finding could provide better signaling to oil-related nations as well as other commodities that consider crude oil to be a leader in the market.

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