Computational Studies of Chemical Reactions: The HNC–HCN and CH3NC–CH3CN Isomerizations

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Computational Studies

ChemInform Abstract: Computational Studies of Atmospherically-Relevant Chemical Reactions in Water Clusters and on Liquid Water and Ice Surfaces

ChemInform ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
R. Benny Gerber ◽  
Mychel E. Varner ◽  
Audrey D. Hammerich ◽  
Sampsa Riikonen ◽  
Garold Murdachaew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Ice Surfaces ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Computational Studies of Atmospherically-Relevant Chemical Reactions in Water Clusters and on Liquid Water and Ice Surfaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Benny Gerber ◽  
Mychel E. Varner ◽  
Audrey D. Hammerich ◽  
Sampsa Riikonen ◽  
Garold Murdachaew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Ice Surfaces ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Surface reactions observed by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
H.H. Rotermund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Single Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Photoemission Electron

Chemical reactions at a surface will in most cases show a measurable influence on the work function of the clean surface. This change of the work function δφ can be used to image the local distributions of the investigated reaction,.if one of the reacting partners is adsorbed at the surface in form of islands of sufficient size (Δ>0.2μm). These can than be visualized via a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). Changes of φ as low as 2 meV give already a change in the total intensity of a PEEM picture. To achieve reasonable contrast for an image several 10 meV of δφ are needed. Dynamic processes as surface diffusion of CO or O on single crystal surfaces as well as reaction / diffusion fronts have been observed in real time and space.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

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