Saving a Drug Poisoning Victim: A Kinetics Simulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodye I. Selco ◽  
Janet Beery
Keyword(s):  
Drug Poisoning ◽  
Kinetics Simulation

CFD-DEM Modeling of CO2 Capture using Alkali Metal-Based Sorbents in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglin Zhang ◽  
Daoyin Liu ◽  
Yaming Zhuang ◽  
Qingmin Meng ◽  
Xiaoping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Solid Sorbents ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Kinetics Simulation ◽  
Reaction Processes ◽  
Back Mixing

Abstract This paper describes a CFD-DEM modeling of CO2 capture using K2CO3 solid sorbents in a bubbling fluidized bed, which takes into heat transfer, hydrodynamics, and chemical reactions. Shrinking core model is applied in reaction kinetics. Simulation and experiment results of bed pressure drop and CO2 concentration in the reactor exit agree well. Instantaneous dynamics as well as time-averaged profiles indicate detailed characteristics of gas flow, particle motion, and chemical reaction processes. The simulation results show an obvious core-annular flow and strong back-mixing flow pattern. CO2 concentration decreases gradually along the bed height, while regards on the lateral distribution CO2 concentration near the wall is lower than that in the middle zone where gas passes through faster. The effect of bubbles on CO2 reaction is two-sided: it can promote mixing which strengthens reaction, while it can be a short pass of gas which is not beneficial to reaction. The simulation is helpful for further understanding and optimal design of fluidized bed reactors of CO2 capture.

Space-dependent kinetics simulation of a gas-cooled fluidized bed nuclear reactor

2003 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Pain ◽  
J.L.M.A. Gomes ◽  
M.D. Eaton ◽  
C.R.E. de Oliveira ◽  
A.P. Umpleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Kinetics Simulation

scholarly journals Acute Poisoning-Especially Drug Poisoning

2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Hideaki Anan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Drug Poisoning

scholarly journals Fatal opioid overdoses during and shortly after hospital admissions in England: A case-crossover study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003759
Author(s):  
Dan Lewer ◽  
Brian Eastwood ◽  
Martin White ◽  
Thomas D. Brothers ◽  
Martin McCusker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Drug Poisoning ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Hospital patients who use illicit opioids such as heroin may use drugs during an admission or leave the hospital in order to use drugs. There have been reports of patients found dead from drug poisoning on the hospital premises or shortly after leaving the hospital. This study examines whether hospital admission and discharge are associated with increased risk of opioid-related death. Methods and findings We conducted a case-crossover study of opioid-related deaths in England. Our study included 13,609 deaths between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 among individuals aged 18 to 64. For each death, we sampled 5 control days from the period 730 to 28 days before death. We used data from the national Hospital Episode Statistics database to determine the time proximity of deaths and control days to hospital admissions. We estimated the association between hospital admission and opioid-related death using conditional logistic regression, with a reference category of time neither admitted to the hospital nor within 14 days of discharge. A total of 236/13,609 deaths (1.7%) occurred following drug use while admitted to the hospital. The risk during hospital admissions was similar or lower than periods neither admitted to the hospital nor recently discharged, with odds ratios 1.03 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.21; p = 0.75) for the first 14 days of an admission and 0.41 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.56; p < 0.001) for days 15 onwards. 1,088/13,609 deaths (8.0%) occurred in the 14 days after discharge. The risk of opioid-related death increased in this period, with odds ratios of 4.39 (95% CI 3.75 to 5.14; p < 0.001) on days 1 to 2 after discharge and 2.09 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.28; p < 0.001) on days 3 to 14. 11,629/13,609 deaths (85.5%) did not occur close to a hospital admission, and the remaining 656/13,609 deaths (4.8%) occurred in hospital following admission due to drug poisoning. Risk was greater for patients discharged from psychiatric admissions, those who left the hospital against medical advice, and those leaving the hospital after admissions of 7 days or more. The main limitation of the method is that it does not control for time-varying health or drug use within individuals; therefore, hospital admissions coinciding with high-risk periods may in part explain the results. Conclusions Discharge from the hospital is associated with an acute increase in the risk of opioid-related death, and 1 in 14 opioid-related deaths in England happens in the 2 weeks after the hospital discharge. This supports interventions that prevent early discharge and improve linkage with community drug treatment and harm reduction services.

Chemical kinetics simulation of semi-dry dechlorination in coal-fired flue gas

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Wei-ying Yang ◽  
Kun-zan Qiu ◽  
Jian-guo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Kinetics Simulation
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