A novel method of representing orbitals in three dimensions

1980 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Philip J. Chenier
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Novel Method

Flow Simulation with Vortex Elements

2012 ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stock
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Video Art ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Novel Method

While fluid flow is a ubiquitous phenomenon on both Earth’s surface and elsewhere in the cosmos, its existence, as a mathematical field quantity without discrete form, color, or shape, defies representation in the visual arts. Both physical biology and computational physics are, at their roots, very large systems of interacting agents. The field of computational fluid dynamics deals with solving the essential formulas of fluid dynamics over large numbers of interacting elements. This chapter presents a novel method for creating fluid-like forms and patterns via interacting elements. Realistic fluid-like motions are presented on a computer using a particle representation of the rotating portions of the flow. The straightforward method works in two or three dimensions and is amenable to instruction and easy application to a variety of visual media. Examples from digital flatwork and video art illustrate the method’s potential to bring space, shape, and form to an otherwise ephemeral medium. Though the rules are simple, the resulting behavior frequently exhibits emergent properties not anticipated by the original formulae. This makes both fluid simulations and related biological computations deep, interesting, and ready for exploration.

Effects of 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Media Exposure Training in a Tank Recognition Task

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (25) ◽  
pp. 1593-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Keebler ◽  
Michelle Harper-Sciarini ◽  
Michael T. Curtis ◽  
Dave Schuster ◽  
Florian Jentsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Task ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Military Vehicle ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
A Current

This investigation explores the differences between two types of military vehicle training: a current training method (2-dimensional, military-issued cards) and a novel method using 3-dimensional 1:35 scale models. Participant performance was tested in 3 areas: an identification task (can you name this vehicle?), a recognition task (have you seen this vehicle before?) and a friend/foe differentiation task. All three tasks were tested in both two dimensions (Training cards) and three dimensions (1:35 models). The performance results of the tasks support the integration of 3D training.

scholarly journals Scanning FCS, a novel method for three-dimensional particle tracking

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Levi ◽  
Q. Ruan ◽  
K. Kis-Petikova ◽  
E. Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Point Spread Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Circular Path ◽  
Fluorescent Particle ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Spread Function ◽  
Novel Method

We describe a novel method to track fluorescent particles in three dimensions with nanometre precision and millisecond time resolution. In this method, we use our two-photon excitation microscope. The galvomotor-driven x–y scanning mirrors allow the laser beam to move repetitively in a circular path with a radius of half the width of the point spread function of the laser. When the fluorescent particle is located within the scanning radius of the laser, the precise position of the particle in the x–x plane can be determined by its fluorescence intensity distribution along the circular scanning path. A z-nanopositioner on the objective was used to change the laser focus at two planes (half width of the point spread function apart). The difference of the fluorescence intensity in the two planes is used to calculate the z-position of the fluorescent particle. The laser beam is allowed to scan multiple circular orbits before it is moved to the other plane, thus improving the signal to noise ratio. With a fast feedback mechanism, the position of the laser beam is directed to the centre of the fluorescent particle, thus allowing us to track a particle in three dimensions. In this contribution we describe some calibration experiments performed to test the three-dimensional tracking capability of our system over a large range.

scholarly journals Novel Method for Constructing Tetrahedral Frames

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Structural Analog ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cubic Symmetry ◽  
Optimal Structural Design ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper is concerned with the design and construction of a frame that makes optimal use of modern materials together with optimal structural design. It is modular in format and can be constructed using puckered rings which combine to make a frame with tetrahedral nodes and cubic symmetry; analogous with the crystal structure of diamond. This frame can be extended indefinitely in three dimensions by adding modules to its core. Such a frame has high capacity to bear loads relative to its weight. For some types of loading it has the highest possible specific-structural strength (for a frame of struts). It is a structural analog of a foam.

scholarly journals Analysis of impact load on tubing and shock absorption during perforating

Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Deng ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xuejun Hou ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Novel Method

Abstract During the past few decades, the technologies of the higher-shot densities, larger perforating guns and tubing-conveyed perforation (TCP) combined well testing have been used widely used for well completions. This results in a large increase of impact loads in the tubing during TCP. The safety of the tubing is directly related to the success of perforation combined well test,which is the key link in the oil and gas production. In this study, the influence factors of perforating impact load have firstly been analyzed. Also the dynamic response of tubing during TCP in three dimensions has been studied by numerical simulation. According to the computing results, the vulnerable parts of tubing during TCP have been found, where the axial impact load is the strongest and it is concluded that the axial shock absorber has the optimal installation position to achieve the best shock absorption effect, which is verified by the case. This study proposes a novel method for the safety analysis of the tubing, which has important significance to provide guidance for the design of field perforating operations and to improve security.

A Novel Method of Characterizing Slider Dynamic Motion During Intermittent Head-Disk Contact

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kiely ◽  
Yiao-Tee Hsia
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
The Media ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Slider Motion ◽  
Analysis Of Motion

Characterization of slider motion induced by contact is becoming a critical aspect of developing advanced head-disc interfaces. While vertical motion induced by contact has been studied, very little is known about down-track motion. We have introduced a new technique where the down-track motion is captured and the dynamics in three dimensions are analyzed. We have applied this technique to measure the position of a slider as it transitions from flying to making full contact with the media surface. We find that slider motion varies considerably with varying levels of interference and that motion in all three directions is considerable. Spectral decomposition is used to identify the vibration modes that are excited in each direction, and we find that for most of the test velocities, vertical modes give rise to motion in the two orthogonal directions. In addition, we present a depiction of the vertical, down-track, and off-track position changes by plotting the position of the slider in real space coordinates to help visualize more completely the slider trajectory. Analysis of motion identifies that at some levels of interference, a majority of motion is repeatable, but that non-repeatable components increase with the amount of interference. Additionally, down-track motion is the only component whose magnitude increases monotonically with increasing interference.

scholarly journals Nessys: a novel method for accurate nuclear segmentation in 3D

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Blin ◽  
Daina Sadurska ◽  
Rosa Portero Migueles ◽  
Naiming Chen ◽  
Julia Alice Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Computer Memory ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
Trained Classifier ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Nuclear Segmentation

Methods for measuring the properties of individual cells within their native 3D environment will enable a deeper understanding of embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. However current methods for segmenting nuclei in 3D tissues are not designed for situations where nuclei are densely packed, non-spherical, heterogeneous in shape, size, or texture, all of which are true of many embryonic and adult tissue types as well as in many cases for cells differentiating in culture. Here we overcome this bottleneck by devising a novel method based on labelling the nuclear envelope (NE) and automatically distinguishing individual nuclei using a tree structured ridge tracing method followed by shape ranking according to a trained classifier. The method is fast and makes it possible to process images that are larger than computer memory. We consistently obtain accurate segmentation rates of >90% even for challenging images such as mid-gestation embryos or 3D cultures. We provide a 3D editor and inspector for the manual curation of the segmentation results as well as a program to assess the accuracy of the segmentation. We have also generated a live reporter of the NE that can be used to track live cells in three dimensions over time. We use this to monitor the history of cell interactions and occurrences of neighbour exchange within cultures of pluripotent cells during differentiation. We provide these tools in an open-access user-friendly format.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional mitochondrial arrangement in ventricular myocytes: from chaos to order

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. C1148-C1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Birkedal ◽  
Holly A. Shiels ◽  
Marko Vendelin
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Confocal Images ◽  
Novel Method

We have developed a novel method to quantitatively analyze mitochondrial positioning in three dimensions. Using this method, we compared the relative positioning of mitochondria in adult rat and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular myocytes. Energetic data suggest that trout, in contrast to the rat, have two subpopulations of mitochondria in their cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we speculated whether trout cardiomyocytes exhibit two types of mitochondrial patterns. Stacks of confocal images of mitochondria were acquired in live cardiomyocytes. The images were processed and mitochondrial centers were detected automatically. The mitochondrial arrangement was analyzed by calculating the three-dimensional probability density and distribution functions describing the distances between neighboring mitochondrial centers. In the rat (8 cells with a total of 7,546 mitochondrial centers), intermyofibrillar mitochondria are highly ordered and arranged in parallel strands. These strands are separated by ∼1.8 μm and can be found in any transversal direction relative to each other. Neighboring strands exhibit the same mitochondrial periodicity. In contrast to the rat, trout ventricular myocytes (22 cells; 5,528 mitochondrial centers) exhibit a relatively chaotic mitochondrial pattern. Neighboring mitochondria can be found in any direction relative to each other. Thus, two potential subpopulations of mitochondria in trout are not distinguishable by their pattern. The developed method required minor interaction in the filtering of the mitochondrial centers. It is therefore a practical approach to describe intracellular organization and may also be used for analysis of time-dependent organizational changes. The obtained quantitative description of mitochondrial organization is a requisite for accurate mathematical analysis of mitochondrial systems biology.

A parametric analysis of the surface roughness of teeth shaped by a pinion shaper cutter and guidelines for choosing process parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 7368-7377
Author(s):  
Mattias Svahn
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Novel Method

A parametric mathematical model is presented, by which it is possible to determine the machined gear tooth surface topography cut by a pinion shaper cutter. Arbitrary internal or external helical gears designs can be considered, the gear and the shaper cutter must only share a basic rack design. The basic rack has here an elliptical fillet, as it allows fewer tool tooth numbers without the risk of undercut. The machined tooth surface is presented in three dimensions and by surface roughness parameters [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. A novel method to choose cutting parameters and tool design is also presented.

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