Catalysis by Heteropoly Acids and Multicomponent Polyoxometalates in Liquid-Phase Reactions

1998 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heteropoly Acids

Heteropoly acids as catalysts for liquid-phase esterification and transesterification

2008 ◽  
Vol 349 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alsalme ◽  
Elena F. Kozhevnikova ◽  
Ivan V. Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heteropoly Acids

Synthesis of Aromatic Cycloketones via Intramolecular Friedel - Crafts Acylation Catalyzed by Heteropoly Acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Lan ◽  
Shao Fen ◽  
Zixing Shan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Heteropoly Acid ◽  
Heteropoly Acids ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Decarboxylation Reaction ◽  
First Time

Under liquid-phase conditions, the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation of aryl benzoic acids catalyzed by heteropoly acids were investigated for the first time. Several aryl benzoic acids were refluxed and dehydrated in chlorobenzene in the presence of 0.2 equivalents of a heteropoly acid, and anthraquinone, anthrone, and xanthone were obtained in good yield. At the same time, an intermolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation and decarboxylation reaction were observed in this experiment.

Mechanism of the liquid-phase oxidation of diethyl sulfide catalyzed by heteropoly acids

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Tarabanko ◽  
V. N. Sidelnikov ◽  
I. V. Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Oxidation ◽  
Heteropoly Acids ◽  
Diethyl Sulfide ◽  
Phase Oxidation

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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