High Temperature Electrolysis in Alkaline Cells, Solid Proton Conducting Cells, and Solid Oxide Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (21) ◽  
pp. 10697-10734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Dalgaard Ebbesen ◽  
Søren Højgaard Jensen ◽  
Anne Hauch ◽  
Mogens Bjerg Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Alkaline Cells ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

Polarization mechanism of high temperature electrolysis in a Ni–YSZ/YSZ/LSM solid oxide cell by parametric impedance analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui-Chol Shin ◽  
Pyung-An Ahn ◽  
Hyun-Ho Seo ◽  
Jung-Mo Jo ◽  
Sun-Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Polarization Mechanism ◽  
Solid Oxide Cell ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

scholarly journals Degradation Issues in Solid Oxide Cells During High Temperature Electrolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sohal ◽  
J. E. O’Brien ◽  
C. M. Stoots ◽  
V. I. Sharma ◽  
B. Yildiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is performing high-temperature electrolysis research to generate hydrogen using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The project goals are to address the technical and degradation issues associated with the SOECs. This paper provides a summary of various ongoing INL and INL sponsored activities aimed at addressing SOEC degradation. These activities include stack testing, post-test examination, degradation modeling, and a list of issues that need to be addressed in future. Major degradation issues relating to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are relatively better understood than those for SOECs. Some of the degradation mechanisms in SOFCs include contact problems between adjacent cell components, microstructural deterioration (coarsening) of the porous electrodes, and blocking of the reaction sites within the electrodes. Contact problems include delamination of an electrode from the electrolyte, growth of a poorly (electronically) conducting oxide layer between the metallic interconnect plates and the electrodes, and lack of contact between the interconnect and the electrode. INL’s test results on high temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide cells do not provide clear evidence of whether different events lead to similar or drastically different electrochemical degradation mechanisms. Post-test examination of the solid oxide electrolysis cells showed that the hydrogen electrode and interconnect get partially oxidized and become nonconductive. This is most likely caused by the hydrogen stream composition and flow rate during cool down. The oxygen electrode side of the stacks seemed to be responsible for the observed degradation due to large areas of electrode delamination. Based on the oxygen electrode appearance, the degradation of these stacks was largely controlled by the oxygen electrode delamination rate. Virkar and co-workers have developed a SOEC model based on concepts in local thermodynamic equilibrium in systems otherwise in global thermodynamic nonequilibrium. This model is under continued development. It shows that electronic conduction through the electrolyte, however small, must be taken into account for determining local oxygen chemical potential, within the electrolyte. The chemical potential within the electrolyte may lie out of bounds in relation to values at the electrodes in the electrolyzer mode. Under certain conditions, high pressures can develop in the electrolyte just under the oxygen electrode (anode)/electrolyte interface, leading to electrode delamination. This theory is being further refined and tested by introducing some electronic conduction in the electrolyte.

scholarly journals Eco-thermodynamics of hydrogen production by high-temperature electrolysis using solid oxide cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 723-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Mehmeti ◽  
Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis ◽  
Carlos Boigues Muñoz ◽  
Marco Graziadio ◽  
Stephen J. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

scholarly journals Test Results From the Idaho National Laboratory 15kW High Temperature Electrolysis Test Facility

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Stoots ◽  
Keith G. Condie ◽  
James E. O’Brien ◽  
J. Stephen Herring ◽  
Joseph J. Hartvigsen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Idaho National Laboratory ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Heat Recuperation ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

A 15 kW high temperature electrolysis test facility has been developed at the Idaho National Laboratory under the United States Department of Energy Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative. This facility is intended to study the technology readiness of using high temperature solid oxide cells for large scale nuclear powered hydrogen production. It is designed to address larger-scale issues such as thermal management (feedstock heating, high temperature gas handling, heat recuperation), multiple-stack hot zone design, multiple-stack electrical configurations, etc. Heat recuperation and hydrogen recycle are incorporated into the design. The facility was operated for 1080 hours and successfully demonstrated the largest scale high temperature solid-oxide-based production of hydrogen to date.

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