Protein Folding Pathways Studied by Pulsed- and Native-State Hydrogen Exchange

2006 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1757-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Bai
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Native State ◽  
Folding Pathways ◽  
Protein Folding Pathways

scholarly journals Protein folding and misfolding: mechanism and principles

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Walter Englander ◽  
Leland Mayne ◽  
Mallela M. G. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
Native State ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
Folding Pathways ◽  
Protein Folding Pathways

AbstractTwo fundamentally different views of how proteins fold are now being debated. Do proteins fold through multiple unpredictable routes directed only by the energetically downhill nature of the folding landscape or do they fold through specific intermediates in a defined pathway that systematically puts predetermined pieces of the target native protein into place? It has now become possible to determine the structure of protein folding intermediates, evaluate their equilibrium and kinetic parameters, and establish their pathway relationships. Results obtained for many proteins have serendipitously revealed a new dimension of protein structure. Cooperative structural units of the native protein, called foldons, unfold and refold repeatedly even under native conditions. Much evidence obtained by hydrogen exchange and other methods now indicates that cooperative foldon units and not individual amino acids account for the unit steps in protein folding pathways. The formation of foldons and their ordered pathway assembly systematically puts native-like foldon building blocks into place, guided by a sequential stabilization mechanism in which prior native-like structure templates the formation of incoming foldons with complementary structure. Thus the same propensities and interactions that specify the final native state, encoded in the amino-acid sequence of every protein, determine the pathway for getting there. Experimental observations that have been interpreted differently, in terms of multiple independent pathways, appear to be due to chance misfolding errors that cause different population fractions to block at different pathway points, populate different pathway intermediates, and fold at different rates. This paper summarizes the experimental basis for these three determining principles and their consequences. Cooperative native-like foldon units and the sequential stabilization process together generate predetermined stepwise pathways. Optional misfolding errors are responsible for 3-state and heterogeneous kinetic folding.

Self-consistent calculation of protein folding pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 064108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Orioli ◽  
S. a Beccara ◽  
P. Faccioli
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Consistent Calculation ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Folding Pathways ◽  
Protein Folding Pathways

Protein folding pathways and intermediates

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R Clarke ◽  
Jonathan P Waltho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Folding Pathways ◽  
Protein Folding Pathways
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document