scholarly journals DISC1: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential for Major Mental Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 609-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh C. Soares ◽  
Becky C. Carlyle ◽  
Nicholas J. Bradshaw ◽  
David J. Porteous
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential

Investigation of a New Compound, B.W.203, and of Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Psychosis

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (436) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Fleming ◽  
J. D. C. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivatives ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
New Compounds

The discovery of chlorpromazine in the Rhône-Poulenc-Spécia laboratories in France, and the subsequent early clinical studies which were carried out in that country, for example in 1952 by Hamon et al. (5) and in 1953 by Delay and Deniker (1), eventually resulted in the enthusiastic and widespread application of this compound in the field of clinical psychiatry. Chemists and pharmacologists, in many countries, have been actively engaged during the ensuing years in the search for new compounds which might prove to be more potent therapeutic agents than chlorpromazine in the treatment of mental illness. One of the tangible manifestations of their labours is the present crop of “tranquillizers” which are being extensively used in the treatment of neurosis and psychosis. Whereas opinion may be divided with regard to the real or specific value of any one of these new drugs, few would disagree with the contention that none of them is ideal. Despite the considerable number and variety of phenothiazine derivatives and other new substances which have been developed as a result of extensive research, chlorpromazine has retained much of its original therapeutic reputation, in open competition with its rivals, down the years, and is still probably the most widely used tranquillizer today. This would seem to imply that no outstanding advance has been made since the early days of the new biochemical era in psychiatry. Valuable knowledge may have been obtained as a result of the application of scientific theory and empirical methods in this field, but in terms of effective therapeutic agents the results have been meagre, with the accent on quantity rather than quality. Nevertheless, a continued search is justifiable, and any new compound which holds forth promise must be put to a clinical test if final success is to be assured and if valuable therapeutic potential is not to be summarily dismissed or heedlessly cast aside.

scholarly journals S100A1: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Wright ◽  
Brian R. Cannon ◽  
Danna B. Zimmer ◽  
David J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential

scholarly journals Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Use of IgM Antibodies

Antibodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Keyt ◽  
Ramesh Baliga ◽  
Angus M. Sinclair ◽  
Stephen F. Carroll ◽  
Marvin S. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Immunoglobulin Receptor ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Binding Domains

Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are pentameric or hexameric macro-immunoglobulins and have been highly conserved during evolution. IgMs are initially expressed during B cell ontogeny and are the first antibodies secreted following exposure to foreign antigens. The IgM multimer has either 10 (pentamer) or 12 (hexamer) antigen binding domains consisting of paired µ heavy chains with four constant domains, each with a single variable domain, paired with a corresponding light chain. Although the antigen binding affinities of natural IgM antibodies are typically lower than IgG, their polyvalency allows for high avidity binding and efficient engagement of complement to induce complement-dependent cell lysis. The high avidity of IgM antibodies renders them particularly efficient at binding antigens present at low levels, and non-protein antigens, for example, carbohydrates or lipids present on microbial surfaces. Pentameric IgM antibodies also contain a joining (J) chain that stabilizes the pentameric structure and enables binding to several receptors. One such receptor, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), is responsible for transcytosis from the vasculature to the mucosal surfaces of the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Several naturally occurring IgM antibodies have been explored as therapeutics in clinical trials, and a new class of molecules, engineered IgM antibodies with enhanced binding and/or additional functional properties are being evaluated in humans. Here, we review the considerable progress that has been made regarding the understanding of biology, structure, function, manufacturing, and therapeutic potential of IgM antibodies since their discovery more than 80 years ago.

Central Nicotinic Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and Therapeutic Potential

ChemInform ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novella Romanelli ◽  
Paola Gratteri ◽  
Luca Guandalini ◽  
Elisabetta Martini ◽  
Claudia Bonaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Central Nicotinic Receptors

scholarly journals Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxemiliano V. Vargas ◽  
Retsina Meyer ◽  
Arabo A. Avanes ◽  
Mark Rus ◽  
David E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One Step ◽  
Post Traumatic

Psychedelics have inspired new hope for treating brain disorders, as they seem to be unlike any treatments currently available. Not only do they produce sustained therapeutic effects following a single administration, they also appear to have broad therapeutic potential, demonstrating efficacy for treating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorder, and alcohol use disorder, among others. Psychedelics belong to a more general class of compounds known as psychoplastogens, which robustly promote structural and functional neural plasticity in key circuits relevant to brain health. Here we discuss the importance of structural plasticity in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as the evidence demonstrating that psychedelics are among the most effective chemical modulators of neural plasticity studied to date. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical framework with the potential to explain why psychedelic compounds produce long-lasting therapeutic effects across a wide range of brain disorders. Despite their promise as broadly efficacious neurotherapeutics, there are several issues associated with psychedelic-based medicines that drastically limit their clinical scalability. We discuss these challenges and how they might be overcome through the development of non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens. The clinical use of psychedelics and other psychoplastogenic compounds marks a paradigm shift in neuropsychiatry toward therapeutic approaches relying on the selective modulation of neural circuits with small molecule drugs. Psychoplastogen research brings us one step closer to actually curing mental illness by rectifying the underlying pathophysiology of disorders like depression, moving beyond simply treating disease symptoms. However, determining how to most effectively deploy psychoplastogenic medicines at scale will be an important consideration as the field moves forward.

Central Nicotinic Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and Therapeutic Potential

ChemMedChem ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novella Romanelli ◽  
Paola Gratteri ◽  
Luca Guandalini ◽  
Elisabetta Martini ◽  
Claudia Bonaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Central Nicotinic Receptors
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